LDRRMP 2022-2030

Writeshop for the Disaster Prevention &

Mitigation Thematic Area
References

Comprehensive Development Plan and City Development

Investment Program (CDP-CDIP)
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)
Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP)
Vulnerability Adaptation and Assessment (VAA)
Climate Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA)
 CDP-CDIP CLUP LCCAP VAA CDRA
• Plan period 2020- • Plan period 2019- • Plan period 2018- • Created in 2012 • Created in 2020
2025 2027 2027

• Sectoral goals, sub- • 7 Hazards: Tropical • 4 Hazards: Flood, • 4 Hazards: Tropical 3 Hazards:
sectoral goals, Cyclone, Flood, Rain- Storm surge, Landslide Cyclone, Flood, Rain- Flood, Storm surge and
objectives and induced Landslide, and Urban heat stress. induced landslide and Landslide.
targets. Storm Surge, Ground Drought.
shaking, Liquefaction
• PPAs, Budget and and Earthquake-
sources of funds for induced landslide.
the PPAs. • Ongoing PPAs from • Insufficient • Some
• Exposure and LCCAP 2017 – disaggregated data recommendations for
sensitivity summary 2019 and CDRA on Vulnerability and PPAs, strategies and
of 4 hazards technical findings Exposure. objectives were based
(Drought, Flooding, were integrated on technical findings
RIL, TC).
• Status: For approval • Other data used were
hypothetical

• Sources were mostly

from 2010 and 2012
base data.
HAZARD OVERVIEW
SOURCES OF MAPS

DOST
MGB (GeoRiskPH)
EXISTING HAZARDS

Hydrological Geophysical Meteorological Biological Climatological

Flood Earthquake Tropical Cyclone Epidemic Drought
Storm surge Landslide Other Weather System Urban heat stress

HUMAN-INDUCED DISASTERS

Fire
Road Crash
Terrorism
HazMat/Chemical
 FLOOD
 30 Barangays geographically located
along the rivers (ICBCUAA).

 67 Barangays likely to be affected by

flood (DOST Hazard Map and CDRA).

 68 Barangays likely to be affected by

flood (CLUP).

 63 Barangays likely to be affected by

flood (LCCAP).

 36 Barangays affected during Typhoon

Odette (December 16, 2021)
 Urban flooding
WEATHER SYSTEM
 Localized "Thunderstorm"
 Amihan (Northeast
Monsoon)
 Easterlies
 Frontal System
 ITCZ
 Low Pressure Area (LPA)
 Monsoon Trough
 Tail-end of a cold front
 Storm Surge

 11 Barangays geographically
located along the coast of
Macajalar Bay.

 39 Barangays are likely to be

affected (DOST Hazard Map).

 25 Barangays are likely to be

affected (CDRA).
 Landslide

 27 Barangays are susceptible to

Rain-induced Landslide (CLUP).

 38 Barangays are likely to be

affected (DOST Hazard Map).

 25 Barangays are likely to be

affected (CDRA).
FIRE INCIDENT
2018-2021 Fire Incidents (per Type)
  2018 2019 2020 2021 250

GRASS 51 137 213 44 200

RESIDENTIAL 87 98 135 90
150
RUBBISH 16 20 17 10
COMMERCIAL 33 25 28 32 100

ELECTRICAL 30 17 27 43 50
VEHICULAR 15 15 12 20
0
GRASS RESIDENTIAL RUBBISH COMMERCIAL ELECTRICAL VEHICULAR

2018 2019 2020 2021

  2018 2019 2020 2021
JANUARY 12 22 38 23 2018-2021 Fire Incidents
FEBRUARY 15 36 66 17
120
MARCH 37 45 81 32
100
APRIL 24 48 101 33 80
MAY 23 35 34 32 60
JUNE 9 8 15 11 40
JULY 16 22 13 15 20
AUGUST 18 24 11 20 0
IL E ST
SEPTEMBER 15 21 15 13 RY RY RC
H
PR A
Y N LY U BE
R
BE
R
BE
R
BE
R
A A M JU JU G O
U U A A U EM CT EM EM
OCTOBER 16 22 19 17 JA
N
EBR M A
EPT O O
V EC
F S N D
NOVEMBER 21 10 23 16
DECEMBER 27 19 16 10 2018 2019 2020 2021
FIRE INCIDENT
ROAD CRASH
ROAD CRASH
CAPACITY: CITY
 CDRRMD  Forest and Animal Wildlife Handling
 Basic Life Support (BLS) and First Aid (FA)
 264 Personnel
 30 Dedicated DRR Vehicles
 Trainings and Orientations
 Medical First Responder (MFR)
 3 Water Assets
 Disaster Preparedness
 Disaster Coordination Center (DCC)
 Earthquake Drill
 Services
 Community - Based DRRM Plan
 Collapse Structure Search and Rescue (CBDRRMP)
(CSSR)
 Road Crash
 Water Search and Rescue (WASAR)
 High Angle Rescue
 Mountain Search and Rescue (MOSAR)
 Resources Type Units
Public Ambulance 36
Ambulance
Private Ambulance 18 54

Public Firetruck 18
Firetrucks
Private Firetruck 18 36

Public Clearing Equipment 50

Clearing Equipment
Private Clearing Equipment 95 145

Public Rubber Boat 17

Rubber boats Private Rubber Boat 38

40 95
Other Boats Used for Rescue

Public Infrastructure for evacuation 128

Infrastructure for
evacuation 23 151
Private Infrastructure for evacuation
Source: National Competitiveness 2020 Entry
CAPACITY: BARANGAY

 80
Barangays have organized Barangay DRRM Committee
(BDRRMC)
 19 Barangay DRRM Plan (BDRRMP) completed
 61 BDRRMPs drafted
 80
Barangays trained on CBDRRM, Basic Life Support
(BLS) and First Aid (FA)
Guideline

Strengths Weaknesses
(Internal Environment) (Internal Environment)

SWOC
Opportunities Challenges
(Extenal Environment) (External Environment)
SWOC General Guide Questions
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS

Policies
Approved and Proposed Local Ordinances
• Septage & Sewerage Management Ordinance (ongoing preparation of documents
for establishment)
• Ordinance on the provision of rain water harvesting facilities in urban areas to be
incorporated in the Localized Green Building Code
• Ordinance on the prohibition of cutting trees
• Ordinance on Crematorium
• Proposed Organic Agriculture for legislation
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS
Policies
Approved Local Plans
• Approved and adopted Integrated Coastal Management Plan (ICMP)
• With CDP and CLUP that mainstream DRRM and CCAM concerns
• With Shelter Plan to relocate all households near the river bank, coastline, and water ways to
safer areas
• With Coastal Resources Management Program which includes the establishment of marine
sanctuaries
• With Coastal Land Use Plan
• With LDRRM Plan
• Identified growth areas to decongest urban areas
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS
Policies
Structures, Systems and Mechanisms
 All barangays with BDRRMCs formed and functional
 Established a functional CDRRMC with 53 members
 Availability of Hydro-Met (Flooding) Evacuation and Communication Protocol
 Availability of Climate Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) on flooding, landslide and storm
surge
 Functional City Mining Board (ensures that mining and quarrying follow standards/regulations)
 Augmentation from CLENRO in the checkpoints established by DENR to monitor and
apprehend illegal logging/loggers
 CLENRO as member of the quick response team for illegal mining and logging activities
 Land banking system to ensure availability of land for DRRM and other purposes
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS
Policies
Law Enforcement

 Enforcement of anti-mining laws

 Implementation of the National Building Code
 Implementation of the Solid Waste Management (SWM) Law (Operation and Maintenance)
 Minimized illegal hydraulic mining and small scale activities in some barangays (political
demands, knowledge awareness of people)
 Strengthening the policy to prevent settlements built along/ near the rivers, major
waterways (creeks), and shoreline
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS
Infrastructure
For El Niño

 Household level water storage facilities such as small farm reservoirs and fish ponds
 Spring development system in San Simon and Tignapoloan
 Construction of irrigation and impounding facilities
 Distributed irrigation pumps
 Rainwater catchment for irrigation and domestic use
 Cold storage facility for harvests
 Warehouse/storage for rice and corn
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS
Infrastructure
For Flood, Sea Level Rise, and Tropical Cyclone

 Established concrete artificial reefs in place (Bayabas)

 Sea wall along the shoreline of Lapasan (coastal road)
 Ongoing construction of flood mitigation structures along the river bank (CDO River,
Iponan River, Bigaan River, Cugman River, Umalag River, Agusan River, Alae River)
 Ongoing elevation of C.M. Recto Avenue; on-going construction of elevated road
from Lapasan to Bonbon (also serves as sea wall)
 Use of paving blocks in the urban areas to increase absorptive capacity
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS

Infrastructure
For Landslide
 Existing/ongoing slope protection structures (hinterland barangays)
 Projects by DA () and CLENRO: revegetation along critical slopes
 
For Earthquake
 Constructed an earthquake-proof evacuation center in Barangay Indahag and Tablon
 Retrofitted bridge (Ysalina)

For Protection of Utilities and Sustained Services

 Control panels of water pumping stations raised; with generators to ensure sustained water supply
 Proactive measures to secure utilities (e.g. Water District and CEPALCO)
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS
Infrastructure
For Accessibility and Evacuation
 171 primary and secondary evacuation centers identified
 Constructed buildings exclusively use as Evacuation Center in barangays Pagatpat,
Indahag, Tablon and Canitoan.
 Evacuation centers adapted to flooding (except for those in Tablon, Bayabas)
 Barangay Indahag evacuation center has a separate room for couples
 Identified evacuation site (Lumbia airport; Fil-Estate Subdivision, Gusa; SM-
Pueblo De Oro)
 Presence of farm-to-market roads (FMR) that provide easy access to transportation
 Pilot roads in the hinterland barangays
 Ongoing road widening projects
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS
Infrastructure
For Waste Management
 Enhancement Program: Eco Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility to also
address/accommodate biohazards such as infectious or healthcare waste
 Eco Park Development
 Regular declogging of Bitan-ag Creek through Hapsay-Sapa Project
 Charcoal briquetting in partnership with Balay Mindanaw
 Barangays conduct regular declogging activities in creeks and road drainage
 Installation of trash traps
 Some barangays have their own garbage trucks
 Ongoing improvement of mega-drainage
 Ongoing upgrade of drainage projects
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS
Infrastructure
For Relocation and Resettlement

• Relocation sites in safe areas

Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS
Health
 Decrease in the number of dengue cases
 2 Tertiary hospitals to accommodate mass casualty incident, among others
 11 hospitals (3 government and 8 private)
 Availability of Inventory on Health Resources (by health center, hospital, category,
bed capacity and personnel)
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS
Livelihood
 Container gardening as alternative source of income for fisher folks (ocean acidification) and
supplementary livelihood in urban areas when earthquake strikes
 Livelihoods such as selling banana (e.g. banana cue, banana chips), cashew, and peanut
products in urban areas (by hinterland population), barbeque stick-making and rattan
handicraft
 Alternative employment in urban areas during dry season (habal-habal, construction work,
vending, house help, handicraft making)
 Planting of crops that can withstand dry spell or extreme heat (e.g. cassava, tanglad, and
coconut)
 Ongoing livelihood projects by CSOs for fishers
 Cash for work and food for work provided by CSWD and DOLE
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS
Agricultural Practices
 Diversified farming practices
 Modular farming for standard pricing
 Urban gardening in some barangays
 Container gardening as supplementary livelihood
 Promotion of organic farming and less usage of chemicals by City LGU and DA
 Use of natural (organic) farming technology to maintain fertility of land such as
use of animal manure
 Post-harvest facilities (solar dryers and storage) and equipment
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS

Utilities
 Almost all urban barangays are supplied by the Water District (Level 3 water)
 Water District with water tankers are in place in case of emergency
 Surface water, ground water and service water as sources of water supply in urban
areas
 BFP and CDRRMD help in water rationing during emergency
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS

Research & Innovation

 Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring
 MGB’s ongoing update of geologic data re: extent of Lanao fault line
 Experimental crop production to know suitability of crops in specific areas
 Soil testing/analysis
 Presence of GIS Center (CPDO)
 Availability of city level risk assessment and susceptibility maps
 Research on foldable tents for evacuation from the academe
 Available seismic risk index studies from the academe
 Civil engineering from the academe engaged in research for climate change mitigation
 Selected research on geologic formations available from DENR (Misamis Oriental
Environmental Profile)
 Extent of ocean and river acidification monitored and studied by XU
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS

Environmental Management
 Mangrove reforestation program
 Coastal Resources Management Program which includes the establishment of
marine sanctuaries and coastal, beach forest and mangrove areas
 Eco-forest to prevent/mitigate effects of flooding
 Mangrove planting and development in Bonbon, Bayabas and Kauswagan ( to
serve as buffer for sea level rise) and shelter for fish and marine resources (ocean
acidification)
 Equipment purchased to protect and monitor marine life from ocean acidification
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS

Security
 CTTVs installed in commercial establishments
 Presence of bomb-sniffing dogs in malls and some hotels
 Proactive measures to secure utilities (e.g. Water District and CEPALCO)
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS

Organized Groups
 Organized sectoral groups such as youth, women, persons with disabilities,
farmers, fisherfolks etc. (i.e. OYDO, CDOPWDPC, BAMPCO, P4MP)
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS

Social Values
 In some Indigenous People households, both men and women work as security
 Majority of the people in Cagayan de Oro have high spiritual value that help in
psychosocial adaptation
 Presence of grassroots community in LGUs Special Bodies
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS

Support/Assistance from Partners

 Support from church-based organizations
 Support from CSOs and different professional organizations
 Presence of academe to help in researches, studies, and knowledge exchanges
 Mangrove reforestation efforts of CSOs, academe and volunteer groups
 Presence and support of Overseas Development Assistance
 National Government Agencies (NGAs)
 Public and Private Partnerships
 Presence of P4
Situational Analysis: SWOC
STRENGTHS

Funding
 Barangay level access to government support from the Quick Response Fund
(QRF) upon declaration of State of Calamity
Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES

Policies
Lack of Local Plans and Policies
 Absence of policies and strategies to counter the effects of El Niño
 Absence of regulation on ground water extraction (subsidence and drought)
 Lack of local policy to ensure that security measures and protocols in malls and hotels
are strictly followed (e.g. lenient inspection, installation of metal detectors)
 Not yet approved fishery ordinance of the City
 Lack of agricultural policies and formulation for operational programs
 Lack of policy
 Support BCPs
 Outdated CLUP and CDIMS
 Lack of emission targets
 No Public Service Continuity Plan (PSCP)
Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES

Policies
Systems and Mechanisms
 No monitoring of private wells resulting to over extraction of groundwater 

Law Enforcement
 Cutting of trees for firewood and charcoal purposes
 Illegal logging in upland areas resulting to flood
 Implemented National Building Code for earthquake
 Low segregation percentage of some barangays and household wastes
 Persistence of indiscriminate waste disposal in waterways
 Unmitigated disposal of industrial, agricultural and household waste which adds to sea water
acidity
 Some households still lack septic tanks (esp. old houses and those in hinterland barangays)
 Proximity of structures/facilities to silted rivers/creeks vulnerable to flood
Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES

Infrastructure
For Flood, Sea Level Rise, and Tropical Cyclone
 30 Barangays are highly at risk to fluvial/riverine flooding
 21 Barangays are highly at risk to pluvial/urban flooding
 Some houses in untagged areas are made of light materials, especially those in danger zones
 Houses of Informal Settler Families are located along riverbanks and creeks (within 3-meter
easement)
 Proximity of structures/facilities (e.g. water pumping stations) to the riverbank and silted creeks
 Key facilities located near the shoreline (coastal road serves as sea wall)
 Elevation of land contributing to increased impact of sea level rise
 Roads prone to flooding (C.M. Recto Avenue, J.R. Borja extension, Kauswagan Highway)
 No Drainage Plan
Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES

Infrastructure
For Flood and Landslide
 Hydraulic mining causes flooding and erosion for some barangays in the upland
areas

For Earthquake
 No consolidated audit on structural integrity of buildings (database/GIS mapping)
 Lack of temporary tents for evacuees
 Lack of additional spaces to serve as evacuation site
 Presence of critical facilities such as public buildings, roads, and bridges
Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES

Infrastructure
For Waste Management
 Underman drainage maintenance personnel
 Absence of sewerage system
 No septic tanks in some households (esp. old ones)
 Weak/insufficient implementation of Solid Waste Management at the household level
(down streaming of SWM in the barangay)
 Some upland barangays don’t have material recovery facility/recycling facility (MRF)
 
For Relocation and Resettlement
 Majority of informal settler families live in urban areas (danger zones)
 Settlements in landslide-prone areas (see Risk maps)
Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES

Infrastructure
For Accessibility and Evacuation
 Limitations in facilities and services in evacuation centers
o Some facilities not inclusive for persons with disability and older persons (no
hand rails, handle bars; lack of space for wheelchairs, lack of ramps)
o Lack of breastfeeding area
o Space/play area for children
o Non-functional/lack of CR/toilet
 Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES
Health
• Lack of knowledge on naturopathic gardening

Livelihood
• Farmers solely dependent on seasonal agricultural cropping
• Unsustainable income of farmers and fishermen (seasonal cropping/fish catch, low crop yield)
• No supplementary livelihood for farmers and upland communities to prevent social dislocation
(migration of farmers to urban)
• Declining agricultural education (50 y/o as average age of farmers)
• Low income households (urban)
• Untitled farm lands (only with Tax Declaration)
• No baseline data for informal economy
Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES

Agricultural Practices
• Lack of operational programs for agricultural policies

Utilities
 Hinterland barangays not served by COWD
 Inadequate supply of water/ water source in some barangays (ex. Indahag,
Balubal)
Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES

Research
• Lack of updated risk assessment at the barangay level
• Lack of age, gender, and disability-disaggregated data
• Insufficient data on subsidence; lack of knowledge on the exact location of areas
prone to subsidence; could be an associated hazard of earthquake, flood, etc.
• Lack of local studies on sea level rise and ocean acidification
Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES
Physical Attributes/Location
 30 Barangays along the 7 rivers in the city
 11 Barangays along the coast of Macajalar Bay
 34 Barangays are susceptible to landslide
 Proximity of fault lines from the city
 Most urban barangays are low lying
 Cagayan De Oro City is located in the downstream portion of Cagayan De Oro River basin
 ¾ of the city’s total population occupied ¼ of the city’s total land area located in urban area
 80% of the population in urban areas is under poverty line
 Majority of informal settler families live in the urban areas
 Proximity of settlements to waterways and rivers
 Some schools (elementary and high school) and health centers/facilities are located in flood prone areas
 Major commercial areas are located in low lying areas
• Relocation of at-risk households (those in danger zone) cannot be enforced quickly (due to high demand); backlog on
relocation/resettlement (34,898 families)
Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES

Environmental Management
• No specific data for decrease in vegetative and forest cover from 2016 onwards
• High mortality rate of young mangroves (alternative shelter for fish)
• Fisk kill and red tide among marine resources
Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES

Security
 CDO being a business and transport hub (exposure to bombing)
 Lenient bag and body inspection in some malls, bus terminals and other commercial
establishments; persons with disabilities not subjected to security measures
Situational Analysis: SWOC
WEAKNESSES

Infrastructure
• Limited fiscal support and tax incentive from the LGU for the organizations and
associations’ fund
Situational Analysis: SWOC
OPPORTUNITIES

External Support and Augmentation

• Partnership with private organizations and academe
• Support from World Bank, UNDP, USAID, JICA, UN Habitat, ICLEI
• Full Implementation of the devolved functions and services
• Conducive Start-up Ecosystem on Innovation
• Efficiency of Government Services delivery through EODB
Situational Analysis: SWOC
CHALLENGES

• Continuous forest denudation within the river basins

• Establishment of hydroelectric power plant
• Adoption of emerging technologies
• Coordination with other LGUs under Metro CDO
• Strengthening farmer associations/organizations and other agencies
• Full implementation of the universal health-care system
Guidelines for PPA and M&E
Indicators of a Good DRRM Plan Means of Verification/Evidence
Inclusion of EWS (indigenous or advance form) Indicated in the LDRRM Plan
(Provincial/City/Municipal/Barangay level)
Establishment of DRRM Office Add indicators for a fully functional DRRM Office

Inclusion of risk financing schemes for facilities and

equipment
Identified various environmental management
policies, programs and activities (reforestation,
research)
Inclusion of infrastructure resilience aspects (i.e.
compliance to building code, infrastructure audit, Indicated in the LDRRM plan
etc.)
Community-based and scientific DRRM and CCA
assessment, mapping, analysis and monitoring at the
Barangay level
Food security measures
Others
Parts of the DRRM
Thematic Area Plan
 GOAL Long term, overall end state to be achieved by the DRRM thematic area

OBJECTIVE Actions to be undertaken to achieve the desired goal

Effects to be achieved if the objectives are met

OUTCOME Can be observed within 3 to 10 years

RESPONSIB
PROGRAMS, PROJECTS LE PERSON/ SOURCE OF
TARGETS KEY OUTPUTS TIMEFRAME
AND ACTIVITIES AGENCY/ FUNDS
OFFICE

Set of actions/steps to Target recipients/end- Immediate results of In-charge of Duration for Chargeability
achieve the desired goal, users/ beneficiaries of the PPA implementing implementation and of funds
objectives and outcomes per the PPA the PPA completion
DRRM Thematic Area
Parts of Monitoring and
Evaluation Matrix
 OBJECTIVELY DATA COLLECTI FREQUENCY
ASSUMPTIONS RESOURCES
BASELINE VERIFIABLE TARGETS SOURCES ON AND AUDIENCE OPR / PPR
NEEDED
/ RISKS
INDICATORS METHODS TO REPORT TO

Universe or Factors about the Indicators for Target Area, location, Activities Number of times Office or Funds, items,
totality of recipients/end- quantifying the recipients/en office, entity or used to the status of the person in supplies,
population, users/beneficiaries recipients/end- d-users/benef document gather PPA has to be charge of materials and
sector or area that can users/beneficiaries iciaries of where the information reported and to monitoring equipment
where the promote/prohibit the of the PPA PPA as information about the whom the progress needed to
recipients/end- attainment of PPA derived from about the progress of of the PPA monitor the
users/beneficia the baseline progress of the the PPA progress of the
ries will be (with PPA can be PPA
derived quantity) derived