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Topic 2.2 Geoid and Ellipsoid

The document compares and contrasts geoid and ellipsoid models used to represent the shape of the Earth. It explains that an ellipsoid is an imperfect sphere model that more accurately defines a planet's shape compared to a perfect sphere. Geoid models provide a more local representation of elevation variations at mean sea level. Both ellipsoid and geoid models are examples of vertical datums, with ellipsoid using latitude and longitude coordinates and geoid models being locally based. The document also distinguishes tidal datums, which define standard elevations based on tide phases, from geodetic datums, which serve as abstract coordinate systems and reference surfaces for mapping.

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Kenneth Ballon
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51 views14 pages

Topic 2.2 Geoid and Ellipsoid

The document compares and contrasts geoid and ellipsoid models used to represent the shape of the Earth. It explains that an ellipsoid is an imperfect sphere model that more accurately defines a planet's shape compared to a perfect sphere. Geoid models provide a more local representation of elevation variations at mean sea level. Both ellipsoid and geoid models are examples of vertical datums, with ellipsoid using latitude and longitude coordinates and geoid models being locally based. The document also distinguishes tidal datums, which define standard elevations based on tide phases, from geodetic datums, which serve as abstract coordinate systems and reference surfaces for mapping.

Uploaded by

Kenneth Ballon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geoid and

ellipsoid
Prelim Week 2
NAV-1 (Terrestrial and Coastal Navigation 1)
At the end of the lesson the students
will be able to:
Explain basic geodesic concepts in relation to chart
projection and construction and the establishment of chart

Learning datum

Compare and contrast the different types of chart

outcomes projections in relation to their practical uses and features


0 ellipsoid
CONT
ENTS
1
02 Geoids

03 types of chart projections


INTRODUCT
ION
The shape of the earth is classified as a
perfect sphere, an object must be
completely round and symmetrical, able
to be down the middle from any
direction and create two equal halves.
Earth with its irregular shape, high
plateaus and deep cracks in the ocean
floor.
01
ellipsoid
ellipsoid
01 Concept of ellipsoid

An ellipsoid is an imperfect sphere. The name


comes from the word “ellipse,” which is used to
describe a similar alteration to a circle.

Scientists and mathematicians use the ellipsoid


model to more accurately define the shape of the
Earth and other planets. An ellipsoid that offers a
close approximation of a planet is known as a
reference ellipsoid. The specific measurements
used to model Earth are known as the earth
ellipsoid.
02
Geoids
geoids
02 Concept of geoids

Geoid modeling is typically conducted on a more


local level than the overarching earth ellipsoid
model.

Geoid models use a measurement called Mean


Sea Level to give a fuller representation of the
way the Earth’s surface varies in elevation. Mean
Sea Level is the elevation of the planet’s sea level
surface if the water were completely flat — or
without tides and currents.
03
types of chart
projections
types of chart projections
03 Difference of ellipsoid and vertical models

Both ellipsoid and geoid models are examples of


vertical datums.

Ellipsoid is using WGS84 a geographic


coordinate reference system, meaning it
contextualizes a point on a 3D surface—in this
case, the Earth—using degrees of latitude and
longitude. If you’ve ever used GPS data, the
coordinates were derived using WGS84.
types of chart projections
03 Difference of ellipsoid and vertical models

Unlike ellipsoidal models, geoid models are


locally based—or, at least, more local than the
entire surface of the Earth. For instance,
surveyors in the United States currently use the
North American Vertical Datum of 1988
(NAVD88).

There are actually two types of vertical datums:


tidal and geodetic datums.
types of chart projections
03 Tidal datum

A tidal datum is a standard elevation defined by a


certain phase of the tide. Tidal datums are used as
references to measure local water levels and
should not be extended into areas having differing
oceanographic characteristics without
substantiating measurements. In order that they
may be recovered when needed, such datums are
referenced to fixed points known as bench marks.
Tidal datums are also the basis for establishing
privately owned land, state owned land, territorial
sea, exclusive economic zone, and high seas
boundaries.
types of chart projections
03 geodetic datum

A geodetic datum is an abstract coordinate system


with a reference surface (such as sea level) that
serves to provide known locations to begin
surveys and create maps.

Geodesists and surveyors use datums to create


starting or reference points for floodplain maps,
property boundaries, construction surveys, levee
design, or other work requiring accurate
coordinates that are consistent with one another.
Lesson
Completed

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