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Chapter 4. Matter-Elements and Compounds

The document discusses the classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures. Elements are pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances. Compounds are formed by chemical bonds between two or more elements. Mixtures are physical combinations of substances that can be separated by physical means. The document provides examples to illustrate elements, compounds, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and solutions.

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Octavio II Odejar
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99 views43 pages

Chapter 4. Matter-Elements and Compounds

The document discusses the classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures. Elements are pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances. Compounds are formed by chemical bonds between two or more elements. Mixtures are physical combinations of substances that can be separated by physical means. The document provides examples to illustrate elements, compounds, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and solutions.

Uploaded by

Octavio II Odejar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Classifying Matter:

Elements and
Compounds
Matter
• Definition:
– It has mass or weight
– Takes up space (volume)

• Examples- anything; car, water, you, cat, dog,


table, chair, air, food…..
Elements
• Pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler
substances by physical means (or methods).
Elements
Examples:
• Oxygen, carbon, iron, gold, sulfur,
nitrogen, hydrogen, calcium, chlorine,
copper, sodium
• Anything on the Periodic Table
Atoms
• The smallest unit of an
element that maintains
(or keeps) the properties
of that element.
Molecules
• Composed of 2 or more elements that
are joined by chemical bonds.

– Elements can be the same. Examples:


H2 , O2 , N2

– Elements can be different. Examples:


H2O , C6H12O6
Compounds
Pure substance composed of two or more
different elements that are chemically
combined.
• Made of elements in a specific ratio
that is always the same
– Has a chemical formula. Water is H2O – it
will always have 2 hydrogen atoms and 1
oxygen atom bonded together.
Compound
• Examples:

Compound Formula Elements combined

Table Salt NaCl Sodium and chlorine


Water H2 O Hydrogen and oxygen
Carbon dioxide CO2 Carbon and oxygen

Sugar C6H12O6 Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen


(glucose)
Baking soda NaHCO3 Sodium, hydrogen, carbon and
oxygen
Compounds (continued)
• Water can only be separated by chemical methods, not
physical methods
• The physical and chemical properties of a compound
are different than the properties of the elements in it
– Example: water is H2O. Hydrogen and oxygen are
gases at room temperature, and they are both
flammable. Water is a liquid at room temperature
and is not flammable.
– Other examples are NaCl (salt), HCl (hydrochloric
acid), and C6H12O6 (glucose)
Mixtures
• A combination of two or more pure substances that
are not chemically combined.
• The substances are held together by physical forces,
not chemical
• No chemical change takes place when making a
mixture
• Each item in the mixture retains its properties
• They can be separated physically (using hands,
magnets, strainer, etc.)

• There are 2 types of mixtures, homogeneous


(molecules are evenly mixed ) and heterogeneous
(not evenly mixed)
Chem4kids.
Mixtures (continued)
Examples include salad, your trick-or-
treating bag full of candy, salt water,
jelly beans (with 2+ flavors)

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous
Mixtures vs. Compounds

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/elements_com_mix_6.shtml
Solutions
• A mixture that appears to be a single
substance - one compound is dissolved in
another compound.
• The solute is the substance being dissolved
in another substance.
• The solvent is the substance in which the
solute is being dissolved.
• Water is considered a universal solvent,
which means that more substances can be
dissolved in it than any other substance.
Solutions (continued)
Examples: lemonade, Kool-Aid,
Coke and other soft drinks (water,
sugar, CO2 , etc. - they have liquids,
gases and solids are dissolved
together), and salt water
Can you identify the following?
You will be shown a series of photos. Tell if each
photo represents an item composed of an element,
compound, or mixture.
Review:
• An element contains just one type of atom.
• A compound contains two or more different atoms
joined together.
• A mixture contains two or more different
substances that are only physically joined together,
not chemically.
– A mixture can contain both elements and compounds.
– A solution is a type of mixture where substances are
dissolved.
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Copper
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Copper
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Jelly Beans
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Jelly Beans
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Table Sugar
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Table Sugar
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Diamond
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Diamond
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Tea
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Tea
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Soltuion?
Salt
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Salt
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Neon Gas
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Neon Gas
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Salad
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Salad
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Pure Water
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Pure Water
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Aluminum
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Aluminum
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Lemonade
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Lemonade
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Silver
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Silver
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Sand
Element, Compound, or Mixture or
Solution?
Sand
Notes
• Detailed notes are located at:
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/elements
-compounds-mixtures-notes-isn.pdf

• Flow Chart:
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/matter-flow-
chart-isn.pdf

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