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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
242 views48 pages

07+Eth-Trunk+iStack+and+CSS

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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You are on page 1/ 48

Eth-Trunk, iStack, and CSS

Page 2 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Foreword
• As services develop and the campus network scale expands, users have increasingly
demanding requirements on network bandwidth and reliability. Traditional solutions
improve network bandwidth by upgrading devices and implement high reliability by
deploying redundant links and using the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), leading to low
flexibility, time-consuming troubleshooting, and complex configuration.
• This chapter describes how to use Eth-Trunk, intelligent stack (iStack), and cluster
switch system (CSS) technologies to improve network bandwidth and reliability.

Page 3 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
● On completion of this course, you will be able to:
▫ Understand the functions of link aggregation.

▫ Understand the link aggregation types.

▫ Understand the link aggregation negotiation process in Link Aggregation Control Protocol
(LACP) mode.
▫ Understand the advantages and principles of iStack and CSS.

▫ Understand the common applications and networking of link aggregation and stacking
technologies.

Page 4 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Network Reliability Requirements
2. Principle and Configuration of Link Aggregation
3. Overview of iStack and CSS

Page 5 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Network Reliability
• Network reliability refers to the capability of ensuring nonstop network services when a
single point or multiple points of failure occur on a device or link.
• Network reliability can be implemented at the card, device, and link levels.
Highly reliable network

iStack

Link Link
Network A aggregation aggregation Network B

Page 6 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Card Reliability (1)
• A modular switch consists of a chassis, power modules, fan modules, main
processing units (MPUs), switch fabric units (SFUs), and line processing units
MPU (LPUs).

LPU • Chassis: provides slots for various cards and modules to implement inter-card
communication.

• Power module: power supply system of the device


SFU
• Fan module: heat dissipation system

LPU • MPU: responsible for the control plane and management plane of the entire
system.

• SFU: responsible for the data plane of the entire system. The data plane
Mounting
bracket provides high-speed non-blocking data channels for data switching between
service modules.
Power module
• LPU: provides data forwarding functions on a physical device and provides
Front view of the
S12700E-8 chassis optical and electrical interfaces of different rates.

Page 7 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Card Reliability (2)
The failure of a single
MPU does not affect the • For example, the S12700E-8 provides eight
normal operation of the
MPU
control platform. LPU slots, four SFU slots, two MPU slots,
six power module slots, and four fan
LPU If some SFUs
are faulty, the module slots.
data plane can
still forward • A modular switch can be configured with
SFU data properly.
multiple MPUs and SFUs to ensure device
reliability. If an SFU or MPU in a single slot
LPU
is faulty, the switch can still run properly.
If the LPU is
faulty, the • After an LPU of a modular switch is
interfaces on the
LPU are affected. damaged, interfaces on the LPU cannot
forward data.
Front view of the
S12700E-8 chassis

Page 8 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Device Reliability
No backup Master/Backup mode

R Root port
Network Network
A Alternative port
If the aggregation
switch is faulty, traffic
from the downstream When the root
Aggregation switch cannot be Aggregation
port fails, the
switch forwarded. switch
alternative port
continues to
R A
forward packets.
Access Access STP
switch switch

On a network with the device redundancy design, a downstream


On a network without the device redundancy design, a switch is dual-homed to two upstream switches. The links work in
downstream switch uses a single uplink. If the upstream switch or active/backup mode. If the active link or upstream switch fails,
its interfaces fail, all downstream networks are interrupted. traffic is switched to the backup link and forwarded through the
backup device.

Page 9 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Link Reliability
STP STP
To improve link
Aggregation Aggregation reliability, a new link
switch switch will be added. This
link is blocked by
STP and functions as
a backup link.
Access Access
switch switch

• To ensure link reliability, deploy multiple physical links between devices. To prevent loops, configure STP to
ensure that traffic is forwarded on only one link, and other links function as backup links.

Page 10 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Network Reliability Requirements
2. Principle and Configuration of Link Aggregation
▪ Principle

▫ Manual Mode

▫ LACP Mode

▫ Typical Application Scenarios

▫ Configuration Example

3. Overview of iStack and CSS

Page 11 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Increasing Link Bandwidth
• When multiple links exist between devices, traffic is forwarded on only one link due to
STP. In this case, the inter-device link bandwidth remains unchanged.
F Interface that
forwards traffic
B Interface blocked due to STP

SW1 SW2
F F
STP
root F B
bridge F B

F B

Page 12 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Eth-Trunk
• Ethernet link aggregation, also called Eth-Trunk, bundles multiple physical links into a
logical link to increase link bandwidth, without having to upgrade hardware.

F Traffic forwarding interface

SW1 SW2
F F

F F

F F

F F

Eth-Trunk

Page 13 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Basic Concepts of Eth-Trunk
• A link aggregation group (LAG) is a logical link formed by bundling
several links. Each LAG has one logical interface, known as an LAG
interface or Eth-Trunk interface.
Eth-Trunk interface
SW1 • Member interface and member link: Physical interfaces that constitute
S S U U an Eth-Trunk interface are called member interfaces, and the link
corresponding to a member interface is known as a member link.
Member • Active interface and active link: An active interface is also called a
link selected interface and is a member interface that participates in data
Member
forwarding. The link corresponding to an active interface is called an
interface
active link.
LAG
• Inactive interface and inactive link: An inactive interface is also called
an unselected interface and is a member interface that does not
S S U U participate in data forwarding. A link corresponding to an inactive
SW2 interface is referred to as an inactive link.
Eth-Trunk interface • Link aggregation mode: Based on whether the Link Aggregation
Control Protocol (LACP) is enabled, link aggregation can be classified
into manual mode and LACP mode.
S Active interface • Other concepts: upper and lower thresholds for the number of active
interfaces
U Inactive interface

Page 14 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Network Reliability Requirements
2. Principle and Configuration of Link Aggregation
▫ Principle

▪ Manual Mode

▫ LACP Mode

▫ Typical Application Scenarios

▫ Configuration Example

3. Overview of iStack and CSS

Page 15 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Manual Mode

S Active interface
SW1 SW2
S S

S S

S S

S S

Eth-Trunk

LACP-incapable old or low-end devices

• Manual mode: An Eth-Trunk is manually created, and its member interfaces are manually configured. LACP is not used
for negotiation between the two systems.
• In most cases, all links are active links. In this mode, all active links forward data and evenly share traffic. If an active link
is faulty, the LAG automatically evenly shares traffic among the remaining active links.
• If one of the devices at both ends of an LAG does not support LACP, you can use the manual mode.

Page 16 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Defects of the Manual Mode (1)

S Active interface
SW1 SW2
S S

Eth-Trunk

Eth-Trunk
interface

interface
S S

S S

S
Eth-Trunk in
manual mode

SW3

• To ensure that the Eth-Trunk works properly, ensure that the peer interfaces of all member interfaces in the Eth-Trunk
meet the following requirements:
▫ The peer interfaces reside on the same device.
▫ The peer interfaces are added to the same Eth-Trunk.
• In manual mode, devices do not exchange packets. Therefore, the configuration needs to be manually confirmed.

Page 17 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Defects of the Manual Mode (2)

S Active interface

F Faulty interface

SW1 SW2
S S

S S

S S

S F

Eth-Trunk
Interface in Up state
but failing to forward
packets

• In manual mode, the device can determine whether the peer interface is working properly based only on
the physical layer status.

Page 18 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Network Reliability Requirements
2. Principle and Configuration of Link Aggregation
▫ Principle

▫ Manual Mode

▪ LACP Mode

▫ Typical Application Scenarios

▫ Configuration Example

3. Overview of iStack and CSS

Page 19 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Packet Maximum Number of Active Link
Load Balancing
Introduction Active Interfaces Election

LACPDU
LACPDU

SW1 SW2
S S
Eth-Trunk in LACP mode

Eth-Trunk

Eth-Trunk
interface

interface
S S

S S

S S

LACPDU
Device priority
MAC address
Interface priority
Interface number
...

• LACP mode: A link aggregation mode that uses the LACP protocol. Devices exchange Link Aggregation Control Protocol
Data Units (LACPDUs) to ensure that the peer interfaces are member interfaces that belong to the same Eth-Trunk and
are on the same device.
• An LACPDU contains the device priority, MAC address, interface priority, and interface number.

Page 20 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Packet Maximum Number of Active Link
Load Balancing
Introduction Active Interfaces Election

System Priority
• In LACP mode, the number of active interfaces selected by devices at both ends must be consistent;
otherwise, the Eth-Trunk cannot be set up. In this case, configure one end as the Actor. Then the other end
selects active interfaces according to the Actor.
• The Actor is determined based on the LACP system priority. A smaller value indicates a higher priority.
SW1 Eth-Trunk in LACP mode SW2
S S

Eth-Trunk
Eth-Trunk

interface
interface

S S

S S

S S

LACPDU
S Active interface Device priority By default, the LACP system priority is 32768. A
MAC address
smaller value indicates a higher priority.
LACPDU Generally, the default value is used. When the
Interface priority
priorities are the same, LACP selects the Actor
Interface number by comparing the MAC addresses. A smaller
... MAC address indicates a higher priority.

Page 21 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Packet Maximum Number of Active Link
Load Balancing
Introduction Active Interfaces Election

Interface Priority
• After the Actor is selected, both devices select active interfaces based on the interface priorities of the
Actor. A smaller LACP interface priority value indicates a higher priority.

SW1 Eth-Trunk in LACP mode SW2


S S
Eth-Trunk

Eth-Trunk
interface

interface
S S

S S

S S

LACPDU
By default, the LACP interface priority of an
S Active interface Device priority interface is 32768. A smaller value indicates a
MAC address higher priority. Generally, the default value is
LACPDU
Interface priority used. When the priorities are the same, LACP
Interface number selects active interfaces based on interface
...
numbers. A smaller interface number indicates
a higher priority.

Page 22 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Packet Maximum Number Active Link
Load Balancing
Introduction of Active Interfaces Election

Maximum Number of Active Interfaces (1)


• In LACP mode, the maximum number of active interfaces can be configured. When the number of member interfaces
exceeds the maximum number of active interfaces, the interfaces with higher priorities and smaller interface numbers
are selected as active interfaces, and the other interfaces function as backup interfaces (inactive interfaces). In addition,
the links corresponding to active interfaces become active links, and the links corresponding to inactive interfaces
become inactive links. The switch sends and receives packets only through active interfaces.

SW1 Eth-Trunk in LACP mode SW2


1 1
Eth-Trunk

Eth-Trunk
interface

interface
2 2

3 3

4 4

Active interface
Inactive interface

Active link
Inactive link

Page 23 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Packet Maximum Number Active Link
Load Balancing
Introduction of Active Interfaces Election

Maximum Number of Active Interfaces (2)


• If an active link fails, an inactive link with the highest priority (based on the interface priority and interface number) is
selected to replace the faulty link. This ensures that the overall bandwidth does not change and services are not
interrupted.

SW1 Eth-Trunk in LACP mode SW2


1 1

Eth-Trunk
Eth-Trunk

interface
interface
2 2

3 3

4 4

Active interface
Inactive interface

Active link

Inactive link
Faulty link

Page 24 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Packet Maximum Number of Active Link
Load Balancing
Introduction Active Interfaces Election

Active Link Election (1)

Bridge MAC: Bridge MAC:


4c1f-cc58-6d64 4c1f-cc58-6d65
SW1 SW2 • An Eth-Trunk in LACP mode is set up between
1 1
SW1 and SW2. The maximum number of active
2 2
interfaces is set to 2 on SW1 and SW2.
3 3

4 4 • SW1 with a higher priority is elected as the Actor


through LACPDUs.
LACPDU

Page 25 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Packet Maximum Number of Active Link
Load Balancing
Introduction Active Interfaces Election

Active Link Election (2)

Bridge MAC: Bridge MAC:


4c1f-cc58-6d64 4c1f-cc58-6d65
SW1 SW2
1 1 • SW1 compares the interface priorities and interface
2 2 numbers to select active interfaces. Under the same
3 3
interface priority, interfaces 1 and 2 have smaller interface
4 4
numbers and are elected as active interfaces.

Active interface
Inactive interface

Page 26 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Packet Maximum Number of Active Link
Load Balancing
Introduction Active Interfaces Election

Active Link Election (3)

Bridge MAC: Bridge MAC:


4c1f-cc58-6d64 4c1f-cc58-6d65
SW1 SW2
1 1

2 2

3 3
• SW1 notifies the peer end of the elected active interfaces
4 4 through LACPDUs.

LACPDU
Active interface

Inactive interface

Page 27 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Packet Maximum Number of Active Link
Load Balancing
Introduction Active Interfaces Election

Active Link Election (4)

Bridge MAC: Bridge MAC:


4c1f-cc58-6d64 4c1f-cc58-6d65
SW1 SW2
1 1
• SW2 determines the local active interfaces based on the
2 2

3 3 election result of SW1 and the corresponding links


4 4 become active links.
• In this way, the election of active links is complete.

LACPDU
Active interface

Inactive interface

Active link

Inactive link

Page 28 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Packet Maximum Number of Active Link
Load Balancing
Introduction Active Interfaces Election

Load Balancing
Per-packet load balancing Per-flow load balancing
S Active interface S Active interface

SW1 SW2 SW1 SW2


S 1 S S S
4 3 2 1 S 2 S 3 1 2 4
S S
S 4 S
S S
S 3 S
S S

Eth-Trunk Eth-Trunk

When an Eth-Trunk is used to forward data, there are Load balancing based on flows is recommended for an
multiple physical links between devices at both ends of the Eth-Trunk. In this mode, a flow is load balanced to the
Eth-Trunk. If data frames are forwarded on different links, same link. This ensures that frames of the same flow are
data frames may arrive at the peer end in a different order transmitted over the same physical link and implements
in which they were transmitted, resulting in out-of-order load balancing among physical links in an Eth-Trunk.
packets.

Page 29 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Packet Maximum Number of Active Link
Load Balancing
Introduction Active Interfaces Election

Load Balancing Mode


• An Eth-Trunk can load balance traffic based on IP addresses or MAC addresses of packets. You can configure different load balancing
modes (valid locally only for outgoing packets) to distribute data flows to different member interfaces.
• Traffic can be load balanced based on: source IP address, source MAC address, destination IP address, destination MAC address,
source and destination IP addresses, and source and destination MAC addresses.
• For actual services, you need to configure a proper load balancing mode based on traffic characteristics. If a service traffic parameter
changes frequently, it is easier to load balance traffic if you use the load balancing mode based on this frequently-changing parameter.

Proper load balancing algorithm Improper load balancing algorithm

SW1 SW2 SW1 SW2


S S S S

S S S S

S S S S
Same source and S S Same source and S S
destination MAC addresses destination MAC addresses
but different source and Eth-Trunk but different source and Eth-Trunk
destination IP addresses destination IP addresses
Source and destination Source and destination
IP address mode MAC address mode

Page 30 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Network Reliability Requirements
2. Principle and Configuration of Link Aggregation
▫ Principle

▫ Manual Mode

▫ LACP Mode

▪ Typical Application Scenarios

▫ Configuration Example

3. Overview of iStack and CSS

Page 31 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Typical Application Scenario (1)
Between switches Between the switch and server

Core switch
Network

Eth-Trunk

Aggregation
switch Access
switch
Eth-Trunk Eth-Trunk

Access Server
switch

To ensure the bandwidth and reliability of links between To improve the access bandwidth and reliability of the
switches, deploy multiple physical links between switches server, bind two or more physical NICs into a NIC group and
and add them to an Eth-Trunk. establish an Eth-Trunk with the switch.

Page 32 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Typical Application Scenario (2)
Between a switch and stack Heartbeat link of firewalls in hot standby mode
Stacking cable
Aggregation
switch

Eth-Trunk
Eth-Trunk

Access
switch

Hot standby

If two firewalls are deployed in hot standby mode, the


heartbeat link is used to detect the status of the peer
An iStack is a logical device consisting of two switches. A device. To prevent status detection errors caused by
switch can be connected to the iStack through an Eth- single-interface or single-link faults, you can create an
Trunk to form a highly reliable loop-free network. Eth-Trunk and use it as the heartbeat link for status
detection.

Page 33 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Network Reliability Requirements
2. Principle and Configuration of Link Aggregation
▫ Principle

▫ Manual Mode

▫ LACP Mode

▫ Typical Application Scenarios

▪ Configuration Example

3. Overview of iStack and CSS

Page 34 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Configuration Commands (1)
1. Create an Eth-Trunk.

[Huawei] interface eth-trunk trunk-id

An Eth-Trunk interface is created, and the Eth-Trunk interface view is displayed.


2. Configure a link aggregation mode.

[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1] mode {lacp | manual load-balance }

To enable the LACP mode, run mode lacp. To enable the manual mode, run mode manual load-balance.
Note: The link aggregation modes at both ends must be the same.
3. Add an interface to the Eth-Trunk (Ethernet interface view).

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] eth-trunk trunk-id

In the interface view, the interface is added to the Eth-Trunk.

Page 35 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Configuration Commands (2)
4. Add an interface to the Eth-Trunk (Eth-Trunk view).

[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1] trunkport interface-type { interface-number}

In the Eth-Trunk view, the interface is added to the Eth-Trunk. You can use either of the preceding commands to
add an interface to an Eth-Trunk.
5. Enable interfaces at different rates to join the same Eth-Trunk interface.

[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1] mixed-rate link enable

By default, interfaces at different rates are not allowed to join the same Eth-Trunk, and only interfaces at the same
rate can be added to the same Eth-Trunk.
6. Configure the LACP system priority.

[Huawei] lacp priority priority

A smaller priority value indicates a higher LACP system priority. By default, the LACP priority is 32768.

Page 36 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Configuration Commands (3)
7. Configure the LACP interface priority.

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] lacp priority priority


The LACP interface priority is set in the interface view. By default, the LACP interface priority is 32768. A
smaller priority value indicates a higher LACP interface priority.
You can run this command only after an interface is added to the Eth-Trunk.
8. Configure the maximum number of active interfaces.

[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1] max active-linknumber {number}


Ensure that the maximum number of active interfaces on the local end is the same as that on the peer end. The
maximum number of active interfaces can be configured only in LACP mode.

9. Configure the minimum number of active interfaces.

[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1] least active-linknumber {number}


The minimum number of active interfaces can be different on the local end and peer end and can be configured in
both manual and LACP modes.
The minimum number of active interfaces is configured to ensure the minimum bandwidth. When the number of
active links is smaller than the lower threshold, the Eth-Trunk interface goes down.

Page 37 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example for Configuring an Eth-Trunk in
Manual Mode
SW1 configuration:
Eth-Trunk [SW1] interface eth-trunk 1
GE0/0/1 GE0/0/1 [SW1-Eth-Trunk1] trunkport gigabitethernet 0/0/1 to 0/0/2
GE0/0/2 GE0/0/2 [SW1-Eth-Trunk1] port link-type trunk
[SW1-Eth-Trunk1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20
SW1 SW2

• Requirement description:
SW2 configuration:
▫ SW1 and SW2 are connected to the networks of VLAN 10 and
VLAN 20. [SW2] interface eth-trunk 1
[SW2-Eth-Trunk1] trunkport gigabitethernet 0/0/1 to 0/0/2
▫ SW1 and SW2 are connected through two Ethernet links. To [SW2-Eth-Trunk1] port link-type trunk
[SW2-Eth-Trunk1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20
provide link redundancy and enhance transmission reliability,
configure an Eth-Trunk in manual mode between SW1 and
SW2.

Page 38 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example for Configuring an Eth-Trunk in
LACP Mode (1)

Eth-Trunk SW1 configuration:


GE0/0/1 GE0/0/1 [SW1] interface eth-trunk 1
GE0/0/2 GE0/0/2
GE0/0/3 GE0/0/3 [SW1-Eth-Trunk1] mode lacp
SW1 SW2
[SW1-Eth-Trunk1] max active-linknumber 2
• Requirement description: [SW1-Eth-Trunk1] trunkport gigabitethernet 0/0/1 to 0/0/3
▫ SW1 and SW2 are connected to the networks of VLAN 10 [SW1-Eth-Trunk1] port link-type trunk
and VLAN 20.
[SW1-Eth-Trunk1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20
▫ SW1 and SW2 are connected through three Ethernet links. To
[SW1-Eth-Trunk1] quit
provide link redundancy and enhance transmission reliability,
[SW1] lacp priority 30000
configure an Eth-Trunk in LACP mode between SW1 and
SW2, manually adjust the priority to configure SW1 as the
Actor, and set the maximum number of active interfaces to 2.
The other link functions as the backup link.

Page 39 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example for Configuring an Eth-Trunk in
LACP Mode (2)

Eth-Trunk SW1 configuration:


GE0/0/1 GE0/0/1 [SW2] interface eth-trunk 1
GE0/0/2 GE0/0/2
GE0/0/3 GE0/0/3 [SW2-Eth-Trunk1] mode lacp
SW1 SW2
[SW2-Eth-Trunk1] max active-linknumber 2
• Requirement description: [SW2-Eth-Trunk1] trunkport gigabitethernet 0/0/1 to 0/0/3
▫ SW1 and SW2 are connected to the networks of VLAN 10 [SW2-Eth-Trunk1] port link-type trunk
and VLAN 20.
[SW2-Eth-Trunk1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20
▫ SW1 and SW2 are connected through three Ethernet links. To
[SW2-Eth-Trunk1] quit
provide link redundancy and enhance transmission reliability,
configure an Eth-Trunk in LACP mode between SW1 and
SW2, manually adjust the priority to configure SW1 as the
Actor, and set the maximum number of active interfaces to 2.
The other link functions as the backup link.

Page 40 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Network Reliability Requirements
2. Principle and Configuration of Link Aggregation
3. Overview of iStack and CSS

Page 41 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction to iStack and CSS
iStack CSS

Stacking cable Stack CSS link


CSS

Equivalent to
Equivalent to Link
Link aggregation aggregation

• iStack: Multiple iStack-capable switches are connected using stacking cables to form a logical switch that participates in

data forwarding.

• Cluster switch system (CSS): Two CSS-capable switches are bundled into one logical switch.

• A CSS consists of only two switches. Generally, modular switches support CSS, and fixed switches support iStack.

Page 42 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Advantages of iStack and CSS
Eth-Trunk
• One logical device simplifies O&M
and facilitates management.
• If a physical device fails, the other
device can take over the
forwarding and control functions,
CSS preventing single points of failure.

Equivalent to
• Inter-device link aggregation is
implemented on a loop-free
physical network, so STP does
iStack not need to be deployed.
• All links in the Eth-Trunk are used,
Physical forms of CSS and iStack Logical forms of CSS and iStack and the link usage is 100%.

• Many-to-one virtualization: Switches can be virtualized into one logical switch (CSS) that has a unified control plane for unified management.

• Unified forwarding plane: Physical switches in a CSS use a unified forwarding plane, and share and synchronize forwarding information in real time.

• Inter-device link aggregation: Links between physical switches are aggregated into a single Eth-Trunk interface to interconnect with downstream devices.

Page 43 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Application (1)
Extending the bandwidth and implementing
Extending the port quantity
redundancy backup
iStack link Eth-Trunk
iStack link
Aggregation
layer

Access
layer
iStack
Access
layer
iStack

• When the port density of a switch cannot meet the access • To increase the uplink bandwidth, add new switches to set up an
requirements, add new switches to set up an iStack to increase the iStack and add multiple physical links of the member switches to
number of ports. an Eth-Trunk. This increases the uplink bandwidth, implements
inter-device backup and inter-device link redundancy, and
improves reliability.

Page 44 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Application (2)
CSS link Eth-Trunk

MSTP+VRRP

CSS
Aggregation
layer

Access layer

• Two devices form a CSS and are virtualized into a single logical device. This simplified network does not
require Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) or Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), so
network configuration is much simpler. Additionally, inter-device link aggregation speeds up network
convergence and improves network reliability.
Page 45 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Recommended Architecture
Network

iStack and CSS link


Core layer
Eth-Trunk
• Core switches set up a CSS and use Eth-Trunks to connect to
CSS
uplink and downlink devices, building a highly reliable and
loop-free network.

Aggregation layer
• Aggregation switches set up an iStack and use Eth-Trunks to
iStack
connect to uplink and downlink devices, building a highly
reliable loop-free network.

Access layer
• Access devices that are geographically close to each other
(such as access switches in a building) are virtualized into one
logical device using iStack. This adds interfaces and simplifies
iStack iStack management.
• An Eth-Trunk is used to connect to the aggregation layer. The
logical network architecture is simple, and STP and VRRP are
not required. This networking offers high reliability, high uplink
bandwidth, and fast convergence.

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Quiz
1. What are the differences between per-packet load balancing and per-flow load balancing?
2. How does an Actor be elected in LACP mode?
3. What are the advantages of CSS and iStack?

Page 47 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Summary
• Link aggregation can be used to improve link reliability, utilization, and bandwidth. Link
aggregation can be classified into static and LACP aggregation based on the
aggregation mode.
• LACP uses packet negotiation to implement backup for active links. When a link fails,
the backup link is elected as the active link to forward packets.
• To ensure the sequence in which packets arrive, link aggregation uses per-flow load
balancing.
• iStack and CSS simplify network management and network structure, and improve
network reliability.

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Thank You
www.huawei.com

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