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Lecture - 20-21 - Open and Close Belt Drive

- Slip of the belt and creep of the belt reduce the velocity ratio of belt drives from the theoretical ratio. Slip is caused by the belt slipping on the pulleys, while creep is the extension and contraction of the belt material as it wraps around the pulleys. - The length of an open belt drive can be calculated using trigonometry based on the pulley radii and center-to-center distance. The length of a crossed belt drive is calculated similarly. - Power transmitted by a belt drive is calculated using the belt speed, tension difference between the tight and slack sides of the belt, and pulley radii.

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M.Abdullah Riaz
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92 views22 pages

Lecture - 20-21 - Open and Close Belt Drive

- Slip of the belt and creep of the belt reduce the velocity ratio of belt drives from the theoretical ratio. Slip is caused by the belt slipping on the pulleys, while creep is the extension and contraction of the belt material as it wraps around the pulleys. - The length of an open belt drive can be calculated using trigonometry based on the pulley radii and center-to-center distance. The length of a crossed belt drive is calculated similarly. - Power transmitted by a belt drive is calculated using the belt speed, tension difference between the tight and slack sides of the belt, and pulley radii.

Uploaded by

M.Abdullah Riaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture_20-21

Slip of the Belt


• The forward motion of the driver pulley without carrying the
belt with it, is called slip of the belt and is generally
expressed as a percentage.
• The result of the belt slipping is to reduce the velocity ratio
of the system.
• The belt should never be used where a definite velocity ratio
is of importance (as in the case of hour, minute and second
arms in a watch).
Let s1 % = Slip between the driver and the belt, and
s2 % = Slip between the belt and follower,
• Velocity of the belt passing over the driver per second,

…(i)
Cont’d…
• velocity of the belt passing over the follower per second

Substituting the value of ν from equation (i), we have

If thickness of the belt (t) is considered, then


Creep of Belt
• When the belt passes from the slack side to the tight side, a
certain portion of the belt extends and it contracts again when
the belt passes from the tight side to the slack side.
• Due to these changes of length, there is a relative motion
between the belt and the pulley surfaces.
• This relative motion is termed as creep.
• The total effect of creep is to reduce slightly the speed of the
driven pulley or follower.
• Considering creep, the velocity ratio is given by

where σ1 and σ2 = Stress in the belt on the tight and slack side
respectively, and E = Young’s modulus for the material of the belt.
• Since the effect of creep is very small, therefore it is generally
neglected.
Example
An engine running at 150 r.p.m. drives a line shaft by
means of a belt. The engine pulley is 750 mm
diameter and the pulley on the line shaft is 450 mm.
A 900 mm diameter pulley on the line shaft drives a
150 mm diameter pulley keyed to a dynamo shaft.
Find the speed of dynamo shaft, when 1. there is no
slip, and 2. there is a slip of 2% at each drive.
Solution
Given : N1 = 150 r.p.m. ; d1 = 750 mm ; d2 = 450 mm ; d3 =
900 mm ; d4 = 150 mm ; s1 = s2 = 2%
• The arrangement of belt drive is shown in Fig.
Let N4 = Speed of the dynamo shaft.
1. When there is no slip
We know that

N4 = 150 × 10 = 1500 r.p.m. Ans.


2. When there is a slip of 2% at each drive
We know that

N4 = 150 × 9.6 = 1440 r.p.m. Ans.


Length of an Open Belt Drive
• In an open belt drive, both the pulleys rotate in the
same direction as shown in Fig.
Cont’d…
• Let; r1 and r2 = Radii of the larger and smaller pulleys,
x = Distance between the centres of two pulleys (i.e. O1O2),
and L = Total length of the belt.
• Let the belt leaves the larger pulley at E and G and the
smaller pulley at F and H as shown in Fig. Through O2 draw
O2M parallel to FE.
• From the geometry of the figure, we find that O2M will be
perpendicular to O1E.
• Let the angle MO2O1 = α radians.
We know that the length of the belt,
L = Arc GJE + EF + Arc FKH + HG
= 2 (Arc JE + EF + Arc FK)……(i)
Cont’d…
• From the geometry of the figure, we also find that

Since the angle α is very small, therefore putting


sin α = α (in radians) = ……(ii)

Similarly
And

Expanding this equation by binomial theorem, we have


Cont’d…
• Substituting the values of arc JE from equation (iii), arc FK
from equation (iv) and EF from equation (v) in equation (i),
we get;

Substituting the value of α = from equation (ii), we get


Cont’d…
Length of a Cross Belt Drive
• In a cross belt drive, both the pulleys rotate in the opposite
directions as shown in Fig.
Cont’d…
• Let; r1 and r2 = Radii of the larger and smaller pulleys,
x = Distance between the centres of two pulleys (i.e. O1O2),
and L = Total length of the belt.
• Let the belt leaves the larger pulley at E and G and the
smaller pulley at F and H as shown in Fig. Through O2 draw
O2M parallel to FE.
• From the geometry of the figure, we find that O2M will be
perpendicular to O1E.
• Let the angle MO2O1 = α radians.
We know that the length of the belt,
L = Arc GJE + EF + Arc FKH + HG
= 2 (Arc JE + EF + Arc FK)……(i)
Cont’d…
• From the geometry of the figure, we also find that

Since the angle α is very small, therefore putting


sin α = α (in radians) = ……(ii)

Similarly
And

Expanding this equation by binomial theorem, we have


Cont’d…
• Substituting the values of arc JE from equation (iii), arc FK
from equation (iv) and EF from equation (v) in equation (i),
we get;

Substituting the value of α = from equation (ii), we get


Cont’d…
Power Transmitted by a Belt
• Fig. shows the driving pulley (or driver) A and the driven
pulley (or follower) B.
• The driving pulley pulls the belt from one side and delivers
it to the other side.
• So, the tension on the former side (i.e. tight side) will be
greater than the latter side (i.e. slack side) as shown in Fig.
Cont’d…
Let T1 and T2 = Tensions in the tight side and slack side of the
belt respectively in newtons,
r1 and r2 = Radii of the driving and driven pulleys respectively
in metres, and ν = Velocity of the belt in m/s.
The effective turning (driving) force at the circumference of
the driven pulley or follower is the difference between the two
tensions (i.e. T1 – T2).
Work done per second = (T1 – T2) ν N-m/s
and power transmitted = (T1 – T2) ν W ... (1 N-m/s = 1W)
A little consideration will show that torque exerted on the
driving pulley is (T1 – T2) r1.
Similarly,
the torque exerted on the driven pulley is (T1 – T2) r2.
Example
Two pulleys, one 450 mm diameter and the other 200 mm
diameter, on parallel shafts 1.95 m apart are connected by a
crossed belt. Find the length of the belt required and the angle
of contact between the belt and each pulley.
What power can be transmitted by the belt when the larger
pulley rotates at 200 rev/min, if the maximum permissible
tension in the belt is 1 kN, and the coefficient of friction
between the belt and pulley is 0.25?
Solution
Given : d1 = 450 mm = 0.45 m or r1 = 0.225 m ; d2 = 200 mm
= 0.2 m or r2 = 0.1 m ; x = 1.95 m ; N1 = 200 r.p.m. ; T1 = 1 kN
= 1000 N ; μ = 0.25
The arrangement of crossed belt drive is shown in Fig.
• Length of the belt
We know that length of the belt,

= 1.02 + 3.9 + 0.054 = 4.974 m Ans.


• Angle of contact between the belt and each pulley
Let θ = Angle of contact between the belt and each pulley.
We know that for a crossed belt drive,
Cont’d…
α= 9.6°
and θ = 180° + 2α = 180 + 2 × 9.6 = 199.2°

• Power transmitted
Let T1 = Tension in the tight side of the belt, and
T2 = Tension in the slack side of the belt.
We know that
Cont’d…

We know that the velocity of belt,

Power transmitted,
P = (T1 – T2) v = (1000 – 419) 4.713 = 2738 W = 2.738 kW
Ans.

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