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Physics 100 Chapt 6

This document discusses rotational motion and angular quantities. It compares linear and angular quantities, defining angular quantities like angle (θ), angular velocity (ω), angular acceleration (α), and moment of inertia (I). It describes how torque (τ) is produced from a force and moment arm, and how angular momentum (L) is conserved. It also defines rotational kinetic energy as 1/2 Iω2 and shows how objects with higher moments of inertia are harder to rotate.

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Ryan Negad
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
90 views25 pages

Physics 100 Chapt 6

This document discusses rotational motion and angular quantities. It compares linear and angular quantities, defining angular quantities like angle (θ), angular velocity (ω), angular acceleration (α), and moment of inertia (I). It describes how torque (τ) is produced from a force and moment arm, and how angular momentum (L) is conserved. It also defines rotational kinetic energy as 1/2 Iω2 and shows how objects with higher moments of inertia are harder to rotate.

Uploaded by

Ryan Negad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rotation, angular motion &

angular momentom

Physics 100
Chapt 6
Rotation
Rotation

d2
d1

The ants moved different


distances: d1 is less than d2
Rotation


 

Both ants moved the


Same angle: 1 = 2 (=)

Angle is a simpler quantity than distance


for describing rotational motion
Angular vs “linear” quantities
Linear quantity symb. Angular quantity symb.

distance d angle 
velocity v angular vel. 
change in d change in 
= elapsed time = elapsed time
Angular vs “linear” quantities
Linear quantity symb. Angular quantity symb.

distance d angle 
velocity v angular vel. 
acceleration a angular accel. 
change in v change in 
= = elapsed time
elapsed time
Angular vs “linear” quantities
Linear quantity symb. Angular quantity symb.

distance d angle 
velocity v angular vel. 
acceleration a angular accel. 
mass m Moment of Inertia I (= mr2)
resistance to change in the resistance to change in the
state of (linear) motion state of angular motion

moment
arm M
Moment of inertia
x = mass x (moment-arm)2
Moment of inertial

M x
M
I  Mr2
r r

I=small r = dist from axis of rotation

I=large
(same M)

easy to turn
harder to turn
Moment of inertia
Angular vs “linear” quantities
Linear quantity symb. Angular quantity symb.

distance d angle 
velocity v angular vel. 
acceleration a angular accel. 
mass m moment of inertia I
Force F (=ma) torque (=I)

Sameforce;
Same force;
bigger
even torque
bigger torque

torque = force x moment-arm


Teeter-Totter

His weight
produces a
larger torque
F
Forces are
the same..

but Boy’s moment-arm is larger..


F
Angular vs “linear” quantities
Linear quantity symb. Angular quantity symb.

distance d angle 
velocity v angular vel. 
acceleration a angular accel. 
mass m moment of inertia I
Force F (=ma) torque (=I)
momentum p (=mv) angular mom. L(=I)

I = I
Angular momentum
is conserved: L=const
Conservation of angular
momentum


I

I I
High Diver

I


I

I
Conservation of angular
momentum

I I
Angular momentum is a vector

Right-hand rule
Conservation of angular
Girl spins:
momentum net vertical
component of L
still = 0

L has no vertical
component

No torques possible
Around vertical axis
vertical component of L= const
Turning bicycle These compensate

L
L
Torque is also a vector
example:
pivot
another point
right-hand rule
F

Thumb in  is out of
 direction the screen

F wrist by
pivot point
Fingers in
F direction
Spinning wheel


wheel precesses
away from viewer

F
Angular vs “linear” quantities
Linear quantity symb. Angular quantity symb.

distance d angle 
velocity v angular vel. 
acceleration a angular accel. 
mass m moment of inertia I
Force F (=ma) torque (=I)
momentum p (=mv) angular mom. L(=I)
kinetic energy ½ mv2 rotational k.e. ½ I


V
I KEtot = ½ mV2 + ½ I2
Hoop disk sphere race
Hoop disk sphere race

I
Hoop disk sphere race

KE = ½ mv2 + ½ I 2

I KE = ½ mv2 + ½ I2

I
KE = ½ mv2 + ½ I2

I
Hoop disk sphere race

Every sphere beats every disk

& every disk beats every hoop

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