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Lesson-3-Prokaryotes-and-Eukaryotes Cells

There are two main categories of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells are multicellular organisms that contain a nucleus and organelles. The main differences between these cells are the presence of a nucleus and organelles in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells also have simpler structures like a single chromosome and lack internal membranes and organelles.

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530 views14 pages

Lesson-3-Prokaryotes-and-Eukaryotes Cells

There are two main categories of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells are multicellular organisms that contain a nucleus and organelles. The main differences between these cells are the presence of a nucleus and organelles in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells also have simpler structures like a single chromosome and lack internal membranes and organelles.

Uploaded by

Kivo Zoshikoro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROKARYOTES

AND
EUKARYOTES
• There are various types of cells with their own
unique structures. The basic category of Earth’s
organisms is determined by different types of cells.
• All cells can be grouped into two classifications: the
prokaryotic or the single-celled organisms and the
eukaryotic or the multicellular organisms
• Single-celled organisms have a different cell structure
than the multicellular organisms
• Every cell is different but there is one basic thing that
is common to all
• All kinds of cells contain essentially genetic
material in a gel-like substance which is
surrounded by a membrane.
• The gel-like substance that the genetic material is
embedded in is called the cytoplasm. The genetic
material of cells is found as molecules called DNA
which holds all the information that a cell needs
to keep itself alive.
• The main difference between these two cells is the presence of
nucleus and organelles. Eukaryotic cells contain the membrane-
bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while the prokaryotic
cells do not.
• The differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and
eukaryotes also include the presence of the mitochondria and
chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal
DNA.
• Prokaryotes were the only form of life on Earth for millions of
years until the more complicated eukaryotic cells came to exist
through the process of evolution
Cell Structure / Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell
Organelle

Nucleus Present Absent


Number of More than 1 One but not true
chromosomes chromosomes(plasmid)

Cell Type Multicellular Unicellular


Lysosomes Present Absent
Microtubules Present Absent or rare
Cell Structure / Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic
Organelle Cell

Endoplasmic reticulum Present Absent

Mitochondria Present Absent


Cytoskeleton Present Maybe absent
Ribosomes Larger Smaller
Vesicles Present Pretest
Golgi Apparatus Present Absent
Cell Structure / Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic
Organelle Cell
Chloroplasts Present (in plants) Absent

Flagella Microscopic in size; Submicroscopic in


membrane bound size composed of
only one fiber
Cell wall In plant cell and Usually chemically
Fungi (chemically complex
simpler)
Vacuoles Present Present
DISTINCT FEATURES
• The cells of all prokaryotes and eukaryotes possess
two basic features: a plasma membrane, also called
a cell membrane, and cytoplasm.
• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic
cells have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells lack internal
cellular bodies or organelles, while eukaryotic cells
possess them.
Plasma membrane
• the plasma membrane, or the cell membrane, is the
outermost cell surface, which separates the cell from its
external environment.
• This is composed primarily of proteins and lipids,
particularly phospholipids. This occur in a bilayer.
• Proteins embedded in the bilayer seem to float within
the lipid, so the membrane is constantly in flux. Within
the membrane structure, proteins carry out most of the
membrane’s functions.
Cytoplasm

• All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells also have


cytoplasm or cytosol, a semiliquid substance that
composes the volume of a cell.
• This is the gel-like material enclosed by the
plasma membrane. This is where various cell
structures, membrane-bound or not, float.
Flagella
• A flagellum is a common locomotive, whip-like structure
that allows cell to move. This are common for
prokaryotic cells.
• Other cells have different means of locomotion. Cilia are
similar to flagella in terms of structure and function, but
a cilium is shorter and moves differently.
CELL WALL
• Many kinds of prokaryotes and some eukaryotes
contain a structure outside that encapsulate the
cell membrane and the cell structures inside
called the cell wall.
• With very few exceptions, all prokaryotes have
thick and rigid cell walls that give them their
shape.

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