Human & Social

Biology

Reproduction

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Lesson Objectives

• Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction.

• Describe the structure and function of the reproductive
systems in human beings.
• Describe the menstrual cycle
• Explain ovulation, fertilization, implantation and
development of the embryo
• Describe the birth process.

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 Contents

7B Reproduction
Human sex cells and systems

Ovulation, fertilization and implantation

Embryo development and birth

Puberty

Summary activities

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 Human reproduction
Reproduction is one of the seven life processes.
All living things reproduce.

Humans use sexual reproduction to produce their young.

In order to do this, the two parents (male and female) have

different reproductive systems and organs that produce
different sex cells.

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 The male reproductive system

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 The female reproductive system

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 Male or female?

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 Reproductive system

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 Sex cells – sperm
In males, the sex cells are called sperm.
Sperm are produced in sex organs called testes.

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 Sex cells – egg
In females, the sex cells are called eggs.
Eggs are produced in sex organs called ovaries.

nucleus cytoplasm
containing
chromosomes

membrane
jelly coat

An egg is so big that this is how

small a sperm looks next to it.

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 Sperm or egg?

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 Contents

7B Reproduction
Human sex cells and systems

Ovulation, fertilization and implantation

Embryo development and birth

Puberty

Summary activities

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 Ovulation and fertilization
In the female, one of the ovaries produces an egg every
28 days. This is called ovulation.
During sexual intercourse millions of sperm are ejaculated
into the vagina.
If a sperm meets the egg, the sperm’s nucleus can join with
the egg’s nucleus.
This fusing of the nuclei is called fertilization.

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 Fertilization and implantation

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 Word check – reproduction processes

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 Contents

7B Reproduction
Human sex cells and systems

Ovulation, fertilization and implantation

Embryo development and birth

Puberty

Summary activities

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 The placenta

How does an embryo get food and

oxygen and how does it get rid of waste?

An embryo forms a plate-like structure called the placenta.

The umbilical cord joins the fetus to the placenta.

In the placenta, food and oxygen diffuse from the

mother’s blood into the blood of the fetus.

Carbon dioxide and waste products diffuse from

the blood of the fetus to the mother’s blood.

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 The placenta

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 From embryo to fetus
In the earliest stages of development, a
human baby is called an embryo.

After the first eight weeks of pregnancy,

a human embryo is then called a fetus.
At this stage the fetus has all the main
human features.

The fetus continues to develop and grow

inside its mothers’ uterus for a total of
40 weeks.

What happens next?

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 From embryo to fetus – animation

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 From embryo to fetus – activity

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 Birth animation

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 Contents

7B Reproduction
Human sex cells and systems

Ovulation, fertilization and implantation

Embryo development and birth

Puberty

Summary activities

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 What is puberty?

Human children are born with a complete set of sex organs.

However, they do not become active until between the ages
of 10 and 18.

In males, the testes start to make sperm in boys and in

females, the ovaries start to release eggs.

This stage of development is called puberty.

During this important period, many changes take place in

the bodies of young men and women.

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 Puberty in girls

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 Puberty in boys

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 Menstruation

An important part of puberty for girls is the beginning of

their monthly cycle. This is known as the menstrual cycle.

The menstrual cycle involves the preparation of the uterus

lining so that it is able to receive a fertilized egg.

If an egg is fertilized, it can implant itself in the prepared

uterus lining.

If it is not fertilized, the lining of the uterus breaks down

and is lost from the body. This is called menstruation or
a period.

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 The menstrual cycle

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 Contents

7B Reproduction
Human sex cells and systems

Ovulation, fertilization and implantation

Embryo development and birth

Puberty

Summary activities

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 Glossary
● egg - The female sex cell.
● embryo - The first two months of development of a baby.
● fertilization - When the egg and sperm nuclei fuse.
● menstruation - The monthly cycle in females.
● ovary - The part of the female reproductive system that
produces eggs.
● ovulation - The release of an eggs from the ovary.
● placenta - The structure made by an embryo to obtain
food and oxygen from its mother.
● puberty - The time when sex organs begin to work.
● sperm - The male sex cell.
● testis - The part of the male reproductive system that
produces sperm.

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 Anagrams

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 Multiple-choice quiz

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