7/1/22, 11:54 PM Project On Child Labour - Business Studies Class 12

Project On Child Labour – Business Studies Class

12
Vaishakh November 29, 2021 CBSE 12th Commerce, Business Studies
Contents [hide]

1 CHILD LABOUR

2 INTRODUCTION

3 DEFINITION

4 HISTORY

1. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2. HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES

3. 21st CENTURY

5 BONDED CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA

1.AREAS WHERE CHILD LABOUR IS EXERCISED

6 CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR

7 CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR

8 SOLUTIONS TO CHILD LABOUR PROBLEMS

1.How can child labor be reduced or Completely Eradicated?

9 CHILD LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA

10 INITIATIVES AGAINST CHILD LABOUR

11 NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS

12 CONCLUSION

13 CERTIFICATE

14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

15 DOWNLOAD PDF OF THE PROJECT

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CHILD LABOUR

INTRODUCTION

Work that deprives them of their childhood, interfaces with their ability to attend regular school, and is

mentally, physically, socially, or morally dangerous and harmful comes under child labor. Legislatures

across the world prohibit child labor as a predominant feature in Indian Society. The 2011 National

census of India found the total number of child laborers, aged 5-14 to be 435 million, and the total child

population to be 259.64 million in that age group. The 2011 national Census of India found the total

number of child laborers aged 5-14 to be 4.35 million, and the total child population to be 259.64 million

in that age group. As per the child labor prohibition and regulation Act,1986, amended in 2016 a ‘child’

is defined as any person below the age of 14 and the CLPR Act prohibits employment of a child in any

employment including as domestic help. It is a cognizable criminal offense to employ a child for any

work

DEFINITION
the term ‘child labor suggests ILd is best defined as work that deprives children of their childhood,

their potential, and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development.it refers to

work whose schedule interferes with their ability to attend regular school or work that affects in any

manner
their ability to focus during the war. India’s Census 2001office defines child labor as the participation
of a

childless that is 17 years of age in any economically productive activity with or without compensation,

wages, or profit. Such participation could be physical or mental or both. This work includes part-time

HISTORY
help or unpaid work on the frame, family enterprise, or in any other economic activity such as

cultivation and milk production for sale or domestic consumption.

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
During the ‘Industrial Revolution’, children, as young as four, were employed in production factories with

dangerous and often fatal working conditions. The use of children as laborers is now considered by

wealthy countries a human rights violation, and is outlawed with some poorer countries may allow or

tolerate child labor

HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES
The Homebasedmanufacturing across the United States and Europe employed children in tedious work

poverty and misery were common factors responsible for the situation.

21st CENTURY
Child Labour is still common in many parts of the world. Estimates for child labor vary of ranges

from250 from 304 million if children aged 5-227 involved in any economic activity are counted and light

occasional work is excluded ILOestimated three were 153 million child laborers aged 5-14 worldwide in

2008

BONDED CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA

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Bonded Child Labour is a system of forced, labor under which the child or child’s parents agree, oral or

written, with a creditor. The child performs work as in-kind repayment of credit. In in1977, India

passed legislation that prohibits solicitation or use of bonded labor by anyone or anyone including

children.

Evidence of continuing bonded child labor continues. According to a TLO report, the extent of bonded

child labor is difficult to determine, but estimates from various social activist groups range up to

3,50,000 in 2001.

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AREAS WHERE CHILD LABOUR IS EXERCISED

Diamond Industry

Fireworks manufacture

Silk manufacture

Carpet weaving

Domestic labor

Mining

CAUSES OF
CHILD
LABOUR
Child labor is caused by
seven factors. Some of
them include

POVERTY

Children who come from poor families may be forced to work to support their siblings and parents

or supplement the household income when expenses are more than the parent’s earnings. It is a

huge problem, especially in developing countries where parents are unable to generate income due

to the

lack of employment opportunities or education children can be found employed in mines or hawking

in the streets to earn money.

LOW ASPIRATION

Low aspiration by parents and children is a major cause of child labor because in such a situation,

being employed in a local factory or selling groceries

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HUGE DEMAND FOR UNSKILLED LABOUR

Children are mostly unskilled and provide a cheap source of labor, making them an attractive option

for many greedy employers. Child labor increases the margin of profits for such entrepreneurs whose

only objective is profit maximization even if it comes at the expense of ethics and good business

practices.

these types of employers can also force children to work under unfavorable conditions

through manipulations

ILLITERACY

A society with many educated people understands the importance of going to school and pursuing

dreams. Children have the ability and time to become whatever they aspire to be. illiteracy, on the

other hand, makes it difficult for many people to understand the importance of education. Illiterate

people

view education as a preserve of the privilege in the society

EARLY MARRIAGES

Marrying at an early age is a major contributing factor to overpopulation. young parents can have a lot

of children because they remain fertile for a long time. Having many children with little or no

resources to support them leads to child labor. older children are forced to work to help their parents

support the family

HIGH COST OF EDUCATION

Quality education is expensive . For too many parents who live in abject poverty, priority is given to

providing food for the family because education is too expensive to afford especially when there are

many children to pay school fees for. Instead of letting children stay at home because there is a lack

of many to send them to school, parents opt to have them work as unskilled laborers to help support

the family.

OVERPOPULATION

There are limited resources and more mouths to feed. Children are employed in various forms of

work. As the population is increasing, people are finding it difficult to search for jobs. So, the people

on or below the poverty line find it difficult to have suitable jo that is why they encourage their

children to work.

URBANISATION

MNC s and export industries in the developing world employ child workers, particularly in

garment industries because it helps in reducing the cost of products which leads to more

demand.

ORPHANS

Children born out of wedlock, children with no parents, and relatives often do not find anyone

to support them. Thus they are forced to work for survival.

WILLINGNESS TO EXPLOIT CHILDREN

Even if a family is very poor, the incidence of

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are vital for the production of certain products such as hand-knotted carpets and deligated glass-

war, although evidence for this is limited.

UNEMPLOYMENT OF HOLDERS

Elders often find it difficult to get jobs. These industrialists and factory owners find it perfect to

employ children. this is so because they can pay less and extract more work. They will not create any

union problems also because they are not able to form unions at an early age.

CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR

Child labor has several negative impacts. Some of them include

LOSS OF QUALITY CHILDHOOD

Human beings need to enjoy every stage of their development. A child should play with friends and

make memories for a lifetime. Youths should explore life and form strong foundations that could

define their adult lives. Child labor, therefore, leads to the loss of quality childhood as children will be

deprived of the opportunity to enjoy the amazing experiences that come with being young.

HEALTH ISSUES

Child labor can also lead to health complications due to under-nourishment and poor working

conditions. It is highly unlikely that people who employ children also have the moral capacity to ensure

that they have good working conditions, working in places such as mines and badly conditioned

factories may result in lifetime health issues for children employed working in these places.

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MENTAL TRAUMA

Issues such as bullying, sexual exploitation, and unfavorable working hours may result in mental

trauma in these children. They will find it hard to forget the because societal misfit because of bad

childhood experiences. Child Labour may also result in a lack of emotional growth and thus

insensitivity.

ILLITERACY

Children that are employed do not have the time to go to school. They spend a lot of time in their

workstations as the days and years go by. the lack of education and illiteracy makes them

individuals with limited opportunities as far as employment is concerned.

GROWTH EFFICIENCY

It is prevalent among working children who end to be shorter and weaker than other children

these deficiencies also impact their adult life.

HIV/AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

These diseases are widespread, among the one million children forced into prostitution every year,

pregnancy, drug addiction, and mental illness are also common among prostitutes.

EXHAUSTION AND MALNUTRITION

It is a result of underdeveloped children performing heavy manual labour, working long hours

in unbearable conditions, and not earning enough to feed themselves adequately.

SOLUTIONS TO CHILD LABOUR PROBLEMS

How can child labor be reduced or Completely Eradicated?

Every child born has the right to have dreams and pursue those dreams. even though the realization of

some of these aspirations may be limited by several challenges, it is still possible to overcome them

and achieve the highest levels of success. There is a need to involve various stakeholders to realize this

objective. These are some of how the problem of child labor can be addressed.

FREE EDUCATION

It is the key to eliminating child labor. Parents that do not have money for school fees can use this as
an
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opportunity to provide their children with an education.it has already proved to be a success in

many places around the globe and with more effort, the cases of child labor will be greatly reduced.

MORAL POLISHING

Child labor should not be entertained at all .it is legally and morally wrong. Children should not be

allowed to provide labor at the expense of getting an education and enjoying their childhood.

Factory owners, shopkeepers, and industries among others should not employ children. Society

should be educated on the negative impacts of child labor so that it becomes an issue that is

frowned upon whenever it occurs. this type of morale polishing would act as a deterrent to people

who intend to employ children and use them as a source of cheap labor.

CREATE DEMAND FOR SKILLED AND TRAINED WORKERS

Due to this, child labour cases will reduce since almost all child laborers fall under the unskilled

worker category.it will lead to adult employment as the demand for skilled labor rises establishing

skill-based learning centers, vocational training centers, and technical training institutes improves

literacy and

contributes to the availability of skilled and trained workers in the job market.

AWARENESS

Parents should be made aware that sending their children to work has legal ramifications and the law

would take its cause if they are found to be aiding and abetting this vice.it is the ignorance among

many parents and members of society that makes them participate in child labour practices.

Conducting a

campaign to create awareness about its harmful effects would eliminate the practice.

EMPOWERMENT OF THE POOR PEOPLE

Empowering poor people through knowledge and income-generating projects would go a long way in

reducing cases of child labor education for parents is also a must to ensure that the rights of
CHILD LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA
children are not used as a source of labour.

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The constitution of India in the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of state policy prohibits

child labor below the age of 14 years in any factory or mine or engagement in any other hazardous

employment. the constitution also envisioned that India shall be 1960, provide infrastructure and

resources for free and compulsory education to all children of the age 6-14 years. India has a federal

form of government so child labor is a matter on which both the central government and state

governments

can legislate. The major national legislative developments include the following

THE FACTORIES ACT OF 1948

The act prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory. The act also

provided rules on who, when, and how long pre-adults aged 15-18 years can be employed in any

factory.

THE MINES ACT OF 1952

It prohibits the employment of children below 18 years of age in a mine

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THE CHILD LABOURACT OF 1986

This law prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in hazardous occupations

as identified by the law. This list was expanded in 2006 and again in 2008

THE JUVENILE JUSTICE OF CHILDREN ACT OF 2000

This law made it a crime punishable with a prison term, for anyone to procure or employ a child in

any hazardous employment or a bondage

THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN TO FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT OF 2009

This law mandates free and compulsory education for all children aged 6-14 years. This legislation

also mandated that 2 5 % of seats in every private school must be allocated for children from

disadvantaged groups and physically challenged children.

INITIATIVES AGAINST CHILD LABOUR

India has all along followed a proactive policy on the matter of tackling the problem of child labor

India has always stood for constitutional and statutory development measures required for

eliminating child labor. the Indian constitution has consciously incorporated provisions to secure

compulsory universal elementary education as well as labor protection for child labor commissions in

Inda have gone into problems of child labor. The constitution of Inda also provides certain rights to

children and prohibits

child labour.

In 1979, the Indian government formed the Gurupadswamy Committee to find out about child

labour and the means to tackle it

The Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act was enacted based on the recommendations of

the committee in 1986.

A national policy on child labour was formulated in 1987 to focus on the reliability of children working

in hazardous occupations

The ministry of labour and Employment had implemented around 100 industry-specific national Child

Labour Projects to rehabilitate child workers since 1988.

The child labour prohibition and Regulation Act is a piece of legislation that prohibits the engagement

of children in certain employment and regulates the conditions of work for children.

the national policy in child labour seeks to adopt a sequential approach with a focus on the

rehabilitation of children working in hazardous occupations and processes in the first

instance.

The ministry of labour and employment functions to provide and supervise a range of

policies concerning child labour in India.

NGOs such as Care India, Child Rights, and You, Global march against child labour have
NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS
been implemented to combat child labour through education and accessibility to resources.

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Many NGOs like Bachpan Andolan, CARE INDIA, Child Rights and You, Global March against child labour,

RideIndia, etc. have been working to eradicate child labour in India. Pratham is India’s largest Non-

government not organization with the mission ‘Energy Child in school and learning well. Starting in 1994

Pratham has aimed to reduce child labour and offer school to children irrespective of their gender,

religion, and social background. It has introduced low-cost education models that are sustainable and

reproducible. In 2005, Pratham was involved in coordinating a child labour rescue operation with

India’s Ministry of labour and police, when around 500 children were rescued from zari’s sweatshops

in New Delhi. The problem of child labor in India is so huge that it depends on support and

contribution from

every part of society to completely eradicate this problem. In recent times, govt have taken some

concrete steps for improving the situation of child laborers. Providing free education, encouraging

parents to send their kids to schools with awareness campaigns and allocation of funds towards child

health and development, etc. are some of the steps taken by the state. among the UN organizations,

UNICEF has remained instrumental in initiating several steps against child labor.UNICEF has been well

supported by

civil society organizations and NGOs are working t improve the situation in this field. these, NGOs focus

on different problems concerning child labour let’s have a look at some of the top NGOs dealing with the

menace of child labour.

World Vision India, New Delhi

Action Aid India, New Delhi

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Concerned about working Against Child labour, New Delhi

Child Rights and You (CRY), Mumbai

CREDA (Centre for Rural Education and Development

Action), Uttar Pradesh

CARE India, New Delhi

We cannot undermine the huge role played by NGOs in handling child labor issues. Specific NGO’sfocus on

certain areas of improvement for instance, if Action Aid Inda Concentrates on child Education and on-

street and working children then CRY target underprivileged children who don’t have basic resources to

sustain themselves.NGOs are resources to sustain themselves.NGOs are carrying out child development

activities all over India. Some children educational NGOs engage themselves in offering free education

to poor kids they teach children living in slums. Quite a few NGO”’sfocus on girls’ education.it has been

witnessed that girls are made to work whereas the boy child is allowed to study but that needs to be

charged. So community organizations seek to improve the quality of life of socially disadvantaged girls

with the sheep of health, education, and social mobilization, NGOs are helping street children in

different parts of the country.

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CONCLUSION
Child labour is not just an affront to the rights of a child but also a symbol of a society that has lost its
way.

We should therefore all strive to ensure that the fundamental rights of children are protected and that

they are accorded the opportunity to go after their dreams and aspirations. The future is much bright

with the younger generation having a good foundation for success. The state of Education in India also

needs

to be improved. High literacy and dropout rates are reflective of the inadequacy of the educational

system. Poverty plays a role in the ineffectiveness of the educational system. Dropout rates are

high

because children are forced to work to support their families. The attitudes of the people also
contribute

to the lack of environment parents feel that work develops skills that can be used to earn an income,

while education does not help in this matter. Compulsory education may be helpful regarding these

attitudes.
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poverty is addressed, the need for child labour will automatically diminish.No matter how hard India

tries, child labour always will exist until the need for it is removed. The development of India as a nation

is being hampered by Child labour. Children are growing up illiterate because they have been working

and

not attending school. A cycle of poverty is formed and the need for child labour is reborn after every

generation. Indias need to address the situation by tackling the underlying causes of child labour through

governmental policies and the enforcement of these policies. Only then will India succeed In the fight

against child Labour. The innocence of a child should never be taken away to make the lives of

adults easier.it is both unfair and morally unacceptable.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that BHANU of Class XII -C of commerce of Ryan International School, New Delhi
has

completed his project file under my supervision .he has taken proper care mad shown utmost sincerity

in the completion of this project. I certify that his project is up to my expectations and as per the

guidelines issued by CBSE

Ms. Sonia Ahluwalia

Commerce Dept

Ryan International School

Vasant Kunj

New Delhi

ACKNOWLEDG
EMENT
I am very thankful to my Business Studies teacher ms Sonia Ahluwalia who helped me in qualifying the

deep concepts of the subject and gave me valuable suggestions and guidance for the completion of

DOWNLOAD
my PDF
project. She helped me OF THE PROJECT
to understand and remember important details of the project. She gave

me her full guidance in the completion of my project successfully

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