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Cytoskeleton 2

The cytoskeleton is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. It maintains cell shape and structure, enables cell movement, and transports components within cells. Microfilaments are made of actin and help with cell and organelle movement and shape. Intermediate filaments are fibrous proteins that stabilize cell structure and resist tension. Microtubules are hollow cylinders made of tubulin that form an internal skeleton and transport structures through motor proteins. The cytoskeleton provides structure, strength, and movement within cells.

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76 views10 pages

Cytoskeleton 2

The cytoskeleton is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. It maintains cell shape and structure, enables cell movement, and transports components within cells. Microfilaments are made of actin and help with cell and organelle movement and shape. Intermediate filaments are fibrous proteins that stabilize cell structure and resist tension. Microtubules are hollow cylinders made of tubulin that form an internal skeleton and transport structures through motor proteins. The cytoskeleton provides structure, strength, and movement within cells.

Uploaded by

Sheraz Chaudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Figure 4.

21 The Cytoskeleton

The eukaryotic cytoplasm has a set of long, thin fibers called the cytoskeleton, which
plays three important roles in cellular structure and function:
1. Maintains cell shape and support.
2. Provides for various types of cell movement.
3. Helps move things within the cell.
Figure 4.21 The Cytoskeleton

Three important components of the


cytoskeleton are:

Microfilaments

Intermediate filaments

Microtubules
Figure 4.21 The Cytoskeleton

Microfilaments are made up of strands of the protein actin.


They have two major roles:
1. They help the cell or parts of the cell to move.
2. They stabilize cell shape.

Actin monomer
Figure 4.21 The Cytoskeleton

Intermediate filaments are made up of fibrous proteins


that are organized into tough, ropelike assemblages.
They have two major structural functions:
1. They stabilize cell structure.
2. They resist tension.

Fibrous subunit
Figure 4.21 The Cytoskeleton

Microtubules are long, hollow cylinders made up of many


molecules of the protein tubulin.
Tubulin consists of two subunits: -tubulin and -tubulin.

Microtubules have two roles:


1. They form a rigid internal skeleton.
2. They act as a framework along which motor
proteins can move structures in the cell.
+ End

- End

Tubulin dimer  

-Tubulin monomer -Tubulin monomer


Microtubular systems in the cells

-Centrosome Interphase cell

centrosome
-Cilia / flagellum Cilla

Basal body

Dividing cell spindle

-Mitotic system

Neuron
centrosome

axon
- Vesicular transport
Function of the cytoskeleton
Tissue level:
 muscle movement

Cellular level:
 determines shape of the cell
 motility of the cells
 cell adhesion
 mitosis, meiosis

Dynamic
Subcellular level:
Adaptable
 anchors organelles
 organization of organelles Stable
 provides tensile strength Strong
 movement of chromosomes
 organizing cell polarity
 Intracellular movement of vesicles
- Endocytosis – clathrin-mediated endocytosis and phagocytosis
Cytoskeletal filaments are dynamic and adaptable
Stability of cytoskeletal filaments
Strong cytoskeletal filaments

Intermediate filaments- resistant to stretching forces

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