PARTICPLES VS

GERUNDS
1.The candidate getting the most votes wins the election.

Answer: participial phrase modifies candidate

2. After resting for an hour, you will feel much better.

Answer: gerund phrase object of preposition (After)

3. Reading a good novel always gives me pleasure.

Answer: gerund phrase subject

4. Clearing his throat, Bill began to give his speech.

Answer: participial phrase modifies Bill

5. They enjoyed taking long walks on the trail.

Answer: gerund phrase direct object

6. We won't eat any of the turkey roasting in your oven.

Answer: participial phrase modifies turkey

7. His profession, teaching English to immigrants, occupied a great deal of his time.

Answer: gerund phrase appositive

8. The magazine's cover, appealing to younger readers, will undoubtedly boost sales this month.

Answer: participial phrase modifies cover

9. The judges, talking at length among themselves, finally gave the award to the Beagle.

Answer: participial phrase modifies judges

10. Mary's downfall is eating snacks between meals.

Answer: gerund phrase subjective complement

 EXERCISES
1.Last year we took a hiking trip through the Grand Canyon.

2. At first, his words seemed flattering to the young girl.

3. Ralph's dream, playing in the school orchestra, never came to fruition.

4. June was sore after rowing for the crew team yesterday.

5. Becoming a lawyer was Jeremy's greatest achievement.

1.Last year we took a hiking trip through the Grand Canyon.

Correct answer: participle modifies trip

2. At first, his words seemed flattering to the young girl.

Correct answer: participle subjective complement modifying words

3. Ralph's dream, playing in the school orchestra, never came to fruition.

Correct answer: gerund phrase appositive

4. June was sore after rowing for the crew team yesterday.

Correct answer: gerund phrase object of preposition (after)

5. Becoming a lawyer was Jeremy's greatest achievement.

Correct answer: gerund phrase subject

6. The laundry, smelling fresh and clean, was piled high on the table.

7. Many people enjoy singing in the shower.

8. Speaking from a far corner near the back of the room, the small boy asked for help.

9. Bernard felt shaky from fasting all day long.

10. Anyone standing under the bridge will stay dry in this thunderstorm.
6. The laundry, smelling fresh and clean, was piled high on the table.

Correct answer: participial phrase modifies laundry

7. Many people enjoy singing in the shower.

Correct answer: gerund phrase direct object

8. Speaking from a far corner near the back of the room, the small boy asked for help.

Correct answer: participial phrase modifies boy

9. Bernard felt shaky from fasting all day long.

Correct answer: gerund phrase object of preposition (from)

10. Anyone standing under the bridge will stay dry in this thunderstorm.

Correct answer: participial phrase modifies Anyone

 PARTICIPLES

PRESENT AND PAST

1 We should help to rebuild houses destroyed by the storm.

2. Wearing a lei around her neck, the hula dancer moved to the rhythms of the ukulele.

3. Books placed onto the cart will be put back when the library closes at 5:00 p.m.

4. As of tomorrow, anyone carrying a suitcase heavier than thirty pounds will not be allowed
on the train.

5. The student carried her completed exam to the instructor.

6. Be mindful of the people sitting over there.

7. Announcements posted on this bulletin board must receive approval from the dean.

8. My coffee mug, chipped from years of use, still means a great deal to me.

9. The falling leaves remind us that winter is coming.

10. Terrified by the series of events, the child sat on the ground and wept.
 Clauses, Gerunds, Ifinitives and participles

1. There was no one whom I could beat at this game.

2. Jim told me that I should be more attentive.

3. Max, following my advice, painted the wall a bright green.

4. We must try to convince George of the merits of our plan.

5. Do you know who is responsible for that statement?

6. Although Smith had more experience than Jones, Smith did not get the job.

7. The items to be sold at auction will be shown tomorrow.

8. Driving over the speed limit causes accidents.

9. We relied a good deal on what you said about the incident.

10. My first mistake was telling Joe about the accident.

11. That your argument is unsound will be evident beforelong.

12. Sharon walked to the small store.

13. Someone had entered the room by picking the lock.

14. This is the design that we have chosen.

15. The paper stuffed in the mailbox gives good directions to Jim's house.
16. Don't wash the car until the weather is warmer.

17. After telling Joanne the good news, I called my mother.

18. The dog tied to the tree looks very unhappy.

19. Seeing the distress signal, the captain telephoned for help.

20. To read that book completely, you will need at least a week.
 Answers

1. There was no one whom I could beat at this game.

Answer: adjectival, clause

2. Jim told me that I should be more attentive.

Answer: nominal, clause (direct object)

3. Max, following my advice, painted the wall a bright green.

Answer: adjectival, present participle

4. We must try to convince George of the merits of our plan.

Answer: infinitive (direct object of must try)

5. Do you know who is responsible for that statement?

Answer: nominal, clause, (direct object of Do know)
6. Although Smith had more experience than Jones, Smith did not get the job.
Answer: adverbial, clause (subjective complement for surprise)

7. The items to be sold at auction will be shown tomorrow..

Answer: adjectival, infinitive

8. Driving over the speed limit causes accidents.

Answer: gerund (subject of sentence)

9. We relied a good deal on what you said about the incident.

Answer: nominal clause (object of preposition on)

10. My first mistake was telling Joe about the accident.

Answer: gerund (subject complement)
11.That your argument is unsound will be evident before long.
Answer: nominal clause (subject of sentence)

12. Sharon walked to the small store.

Answer: averbial, prepositional phrase

13. Someone had entered the room by picking the lock.

Answer: gerund (object of preposition by)

14. This is the design that we have chosen.

Answer: adjectival clause

15. The paper stuffed in the mailbox gives good directions to Jim's house.
Answer: adjectival, past participial
16.Don't wash the car until the weather is warmer.
Answer: adverbial clause

17. After telling Joanne the good news, I called my mother.

Answer: gerund (object of preposition After)

18.The dog tied to the tree looks very unhappy.

Answer: adjectival, past participial phrase

19. Seeing the distress signal, the captain telephoned for help.
Answer: adjectival, present participle

20. To read that book completely, you will need at least a week.
Answer: adverbial, infinitive