Natural Science
Natural Science
Natural Sciences
A major branch of science that deals
with the description, prediction and
understanding of natural
phenomena, basically based on
observational and empirical
evidence.
The natural sciences seek to understand how the world and universe around
us works. Physics, Astronomy, Chemistry, Earth Science
Table 1: Two Main Branches of Natural Science Denhardt et al. (2009)
Branches of Natural Science Description
1. Life Science/ Biological Science It studies life in all its forms, past and
present. This includes plants, animals,
viruses and bacteria, single-celled
organisms, and even cells
1. 2.
a. Physics The science in which matter and energy are studied both
separately and in combination with one another
d. Earth Science The study of the Earth and its neighbors in space. It is an
exciting science with many interesting and practical
applications.
Social Sciences and Natural Sciences
Things in Common
- both sciences employ the scientific model in order to gain
information.
- both sciences use empirical and measured data evidence
that can be seen and discerned by the senses.
- both sciences’ theories can be tested to yield theoretical
statements and general positions.
Differences of Social Sciences and Natural
Sciences
• Deals with subject (human being)• Deals with object.
• It is spontaneous, unpredictable • Characterized by exactness,
and uncontrollable, as it deals controlled variables, and
with human predictability.
• Experiential Data • Experimental Data
• Typically involves alternative • The typical method of science is
methods of observation and doing repetitive and
interaction with people within conventional laboratory
community. experiments.
• Open system • Closed System
HUMANITIES
- refers to the study of the ways in which the human
experience is processed and documented.
- encompasses the field of philosophy, literature, religion, art,
music, history and language.
Social Science and Humanities
Things in Common
-Both the humanities and social science are
concerned with human aspects like, law, politics,
linguistics, economics, and psychology as well as
human lives and nature.
Differences of Social Sciences and
Humanities
• Involves application of an • Deemed to be more
empirical, rational, and philosophical and concerned
objective methodology (such with heritage and the
as the use of validity and question of what makes us
reliability test) to present human. It comprises the
facts. application of an
• Influenced by and developed interpretative methodology.
after the French revolution • Emerged in the 15 th century
and the Industrial revolution.
• social science focuses on • humanities lay emphasis
the study of patterned on an in-depth
behavior understanding of the
specific cases or events.
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