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(Ge 4) Chapter 1

This document discusses various perspectives on defining and understanding globalization. It provides metaphors that have been used to describe globalization, such as liquidity and flows. Globalization encompasses the increasing ease with which people and information can interact globally. While it allows for more connection, it also influences local cultures and economies through the spread of global media and business practices. The document also examines theories of whether globalization results in greater homogeneity or heterogeneity across societies.

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Lexanne Romanova
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122 views16 pages

(Ge 4) Chapter 1

This document discusses various perspectives on defining and understanding globalization. It provides metaphors that have been used to describe globalization, such as liquidity and flows. Globalization encompasses the increasing ease with which people and information can interact globally. While it allows for more connection, it also influences local cultures and economies through the spread of global media and business practices. The document also examines theories of whether globalization results in greater homogeneity or heterogeneity across societies.

Uploaded by

Lexanne Romanova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

DEFINING GLOBALIZATION
✘ The reality and omnipresence of
globalization makes us see ourselves as part
of what we refer to as the “global age”
(Albrow, 1996).
✘ Globalization encompasses a multitude of
processes that involves the economy, political
systems, and culture. Social structure, therefore,
are directly affected by globalization.
✘ Swedish journalist Thomas Larsson (2001) saw
globalization as “the process of the world shrinkage,
of distances getting shorter, things moving closer. It
pertains to the increasing ease with which somebody
on one side of the world can interact, to mutual
benefit with somebody on the other side of the
world”.
✘ On the other hand, some see it as occurring through
and with regression, colonialism, and destabilization.
In the mid-1990s, Martin Khor, the former president
of Third World Network (TWN) in Malaysia, once
regarded globalization as colonization.
The Task of Defining Globalization
✘ “Globalization means the onset of the borderless world”
(Ohmae 1992).

✘ “The characteristics of the globalization trend include the


internationalizing of production, the new international
division of labor, new migratory movements from South to
North, the new competitive environment that accelerates
these processes, and the internationalizing of the state”
(Robert Cox)
“ Metaphors of
Globalization
1. Solid and Liquid
• Solidity- refers to barriers that prevent or make difficult
the movement of things. It can be either natural or man-
made.
• Liquidity- refers to the increasing ease of movement of
people, things, information, and places in the
contemporary world.
Zygmunt Bauman’s idea about the
characteristics of liquidity

✘ First, today’s liquid phenomena change quickly and their aspects,


spatial and temporal, are in continuous fluctuation. This means that
space and time are crucial elements of globalization.
✘ Second, their movement is difficult to stop.
✘ Finally, the forces (the liquid ones) made political boundaries more
permeable to the flow of people and things (Cartier, 2001).
Liquidity and solidity are in constant interaction.
However, liquidity is the one increasing and proliferating
today. Therefore, the metaphor that could best describe
globalization is liquidity.
2. Flows
- are the movement of people, things, places, and
information brought by the growing “porosity” of
global limitations (Ritzer, 2015).
Activity: The World Made Closer
In this activity, you are to see the actual application of globalization
on the different aspects of daily life.
1. Answer the ff questions:
a. Enumerate at least 3 of the most recent songs you have
listened. Where did they originate? Identify the nationality of the
artist for each music.
b. What gadgets or devices do you usually use to listen to
music?
c. How did you access these music? Did you purchase them
online or listen to them through YouTube, Spotify, and other music
channels?
2. Make a metaphor that you’re going to use in order to improve
your own definition of globalization. Give at least one and explain.
Globalization Theories
✘ Homogeneity
- refers to the increasing sameness in the world as
cultural inputs, economic factors, and political
orientations of societies expand to create common
practices, same economies , and similar forms of
government.
✘ The global flow of media is often characterized as media
imperialism.
✘ Global media are dominated by a small number of large
corporations.
As McChesney(1999) put it, this is being “extended from
old media to new media”.
✘ Ritzer (2008) claimed that, in general, the contemporary
world is undergoing the process of McDonalization.
It is the process by which the Western societies are
dominated by the principles of fast food restaurants.
- Efficiency
- Calculability
- Predictability
- Control
✘ Heterogeneity
- refers to the differences because of either lasting
differences or of the hybrids or combinations of cultures that
can be produced through the different transplanetary
processes.
- pertains to the creation of various cultural practices ,
new economies, and political groups because of the
interaction of elements from different societies in the world.

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