COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT

GE 10A
LIVING IN THE IT
ERA
MODULE I

VAN ROGER B. GUTIB, MSIT

CSIT FACULTY
 MODULE I
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION
AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

Overview
The quickening pace of evolution in technology is very evident in this era. It seems that it is
progressing faster than ever. From year to year, the evolution of technology is one of staggering
promise and opportunity--as well as uncertainty. Basically, technology has been around before,
and as long as there are people, information technology will be there also because there were
always ways of communicating through technology available at that point in time. The future
may be unknown, but digital advancement continues to reshape our world in ways that encourage
people to form new habits, find new ways to work together, and become better human beings.
And, in most cases, these changes translate into a range of opportunities and disruptions across
every industry. Humans have always been quick to adapt technologies for better and faster
communication.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

History of ICT
ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is
the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing.
Although there is no single, universal definition of ICT, the term is
generally accepted to mean all devices, networking components,
applications and systems that combined allow people and organizations (i.e.,
businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to
interact in the digital world.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

The telegraph (1837) and telephone (1876) permitted communication by wire over long distances almost

instantaneously, a vast improvement over the earlier methods of rail, ship and pony express.

Communication by wireless telegraph (1895), shortwave radio (1926) and then more reliable high-
frequency microwave radio (1946) overcame the physical constraint of connecting every point by wire or
cable. Microwave provided larger-capacity communication channels for transmitting television signals and
set the stage for the development of satellites and space communication (1957). In the 1970s, mobile
communication handsets were developed, as was the basic technology foundation for the Internet and the
World Wide Web.

Both mobile and Internet communication have grown rapidly since their introduction in the 1980s to the
point where mobile access to the Internet (e.g., smartphones) is the dominant and fastest growing form of
communication.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

The primary thrust of information and communications technology (ICT)

development in the 21st century is to expand both the capabilities and the capacity of
the equipment and facilities used to communicate over telecommunication networks.

Through the 1990s and 2000s, the term technological convergence became the

catchphrase to describe the way new ICT are being used to bring together what were
previously separate communication media — like voice telephone, radio, TV,
newspapers and computer data — into one medium, the Internet, provided over
enhanced, high capacity broadband telecommunication networks.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

ICT?
• Information technology (IT) is the term used to describe the items of
equipment (hardware) and computer programs (software) that allow us to
access, retrieve, store, organize, manipulate, and present information by
electronic means

• Communication technology (CT) is the term used to describe

telecommunications equipment through which information can be sought
and accessed, for example, phones, faxes, modems, and computers’

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

• INFORMATION - Information refers to the knowledge obtained from reading,

investigation, study or research. The tools to transmit information are the telephone,
television and radio. Information is knowledge and helps us to fulfill our daily tasks.

• COMMUNICATION - Communication is an act of transmitting messages. It is a

process whereby information is exchanged between individuals using symbols, signs
or verbal interactions. Communication is important in order to gain knowledge.

• TECHNOLOGY - Technology is the use of scientific knowledge, experience and

resources to create processes products that fulfill human needs. Technology is vital in
communication

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

ICT is the technology required for information processing, in

particular, the use of electronic computers, communication devices
and software applications to convert, store, protect, process,
transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.
Collectively refers to the technologies, both hardware and
software, that enable humans to communicate with one another.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

• Information is data that has been sorted and arranged.

• It consists of organized facts and opinions people receive during daily
life.
• Changing data into information is called data processing or
information processing.
• It involves gathering, organizing, and reporting data so it is useful to
people.
• It is often done using information technology.
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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

What is Communication?
• Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to
another.

• Exchanging Information from computer to another computer

• The classic communication system is made up of an information source, an encoder, a

transmitter, a receiver, a decoder, storage, retrieval, and an information destination.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

Synchronous Communication

• Online Chat
 Text based
 Audio based
 Video based

• Mobile Technology
 Conferencing
 Phone

• Satellite
 Television channel
 Video Conferencing

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

Asynchronous Communication

• Discussion Forums
• Blogs
• e-Groups
• Wikepedia (Knowledge base)
• Google (search engine)
• Mobile SMS, MMS & Podcasting

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

Uses of ICT In Our Daily Lives

Communication
We all know that ICT take a major role for us by means of communicating, way back in the
past our parents use to make letter and send it via post mail. But now with the help of ICT it is
easier to communicate with our love ones. We can use cellular phones that design for
communicating with other people even they are miles away far from you.

Job Opportunities
In the employment sector, ICT enables organizations to operate more efficiently, so
employing staff with ICT skills is vital to the smooth running of any business. Being able to use
ICT systems effectively allows employees more time to concentrate on areas of their job role that
require soft skills.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

Education
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) can impact student learning
when teachers are digitally literate and understand how to integrate it into curriculum.

Socializing
Social media has changed the world. The rapid and vast adoption of these
technologies is changing how we find partners, how we access information from the
news, and how we organize to demand political change.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

• Research
• Leisure and Entertainment
• Exploring the world
• Finance
• Shopping
• And Many more

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

Scope of Internet as a ICT in Education

• ICT as a tool to innovate teaching-learning practice via Internet (i.e. digital content,
multimedia, teaching-learning methods, learning environment)
• ICT as an administrative tool (i.e. education management information systems
(EMIS)
• ICT as an expanding learning opportunity (i.e. distance learning, e-Learning)
• ICT as a facilitator of higher-order thinking skills (i.e. learner-centered, self-directed
learning, tailored learning)

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

Traditional v/s Internet based ICT education Approach

Traditional Classroom ICT In Education

Classroom • Physical – limited size • Unlimited
• Synchronous • Anytime, anywhere

Content • PowerPoint / transparency / etc • Multimedia / simulation

• Textbooks / library • Digital library
• Video • On demand
• Syn & Asyn. Communication

Personalisation • One learning path • Learning path and pace

determined by learner

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

ICT can help learning

• Develop understanding
Speed and automatic functions of ICT can enable teachers to demonstrate, explore or explain aspects of their
teaching, and students learning, more effectively e.g. use of a spread sheet to perform calculations in order that
patterns can be concentrated on rather than the calculating.

• Extend access to sources

the capacity and range of ICT can enable teachers and students to gain access to historical, recent or immediate
information, through, for example, accessing information on CD-ROM or the Internet.

• Enhance enquiry skills

• search for and compare information from different sources

• Enhance the communication of ideas

• communicate with other people, locally and over distances, easily and effectively
• present information in ways which are accessible in different forms for different audiences.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

Impact of ICT in The Society

Positive impacts of Information and Communication Technology

• Access to information: Increase in access to information and services that has accompanied the
growth of the Internet. Some of the positive aspects of this increased access are better, and often
cheaper, communications, such as VoIP phone and Instant Messaging.
• Improved access to education, e.g. distance learning and online tutorials. New ways of learning,
e.g. interactive multi-media and virtual reality.
• New tools, new opportunities: ICT gives access to new tools that did not previously exist: digital
cameras, photo-editing software and high quality printers, screen magnification or screen reading
software enables partially sighted or blind people to work with ordinary text rather than Braille.
• Communication: Cost savings by using e.g. VoIP instead of normal telephone, email / messaging
instead of post, video conferencing instead of traveling to meetings, e-commerce web sites instead of
sales catalogues. Access to larger, even worldwide, markets.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

• Security: ICT solves or reduces some security problems, e.g. Encryption methods can
keep data safe from unauthorized people, both while it is being stored or while it is
being sent electronically.
• ICT allows people to participate in a wider, even worldwide, society.
• Distance learning: students can access teaching materials from all over the world.
• ICT facilitates the ability to perform ‘impossible’ experiments’ by using simulations.
• Creation of new more interesting jobs. Examples would be systems analysts,
programmers and software engineers, as well as help desk operators and trainers.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

Negative impacts of Information and Communication Technology

• Job loss: Manual operations being replaced by automation. e.g. robots replacing people on an
assembly line. Job export. e.g. Data processing work being sent to other countries where operating
costs are lower. Multiple workers being replaced by a smaller number who are able to do the same
amount of work. e.g. A worker on a supermarket checkout can serve more customers per hour if a bar-
code scanner linked to a computerized till is used to detect goods instead of the worker having to enter
the item and price manually

• Reduced personal interaction: Most people need some form of social interaction in their daily lives
and if they do not get the chance to meet and talk with other people they may feel isolated and
unhappy.

• Reduced physical activity: This can lead to health problems such as obesity, heart disease, and
diabetes.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

• Cost: A lot of ICT hardware and software is expensive, both to purchase and to
maintain. An ICT system usually requires specialist staff to run it and there is also the
challenge of keeping up with ever-changing technology.

• Competition: this is usually thought of as being a good thing, but for some
organizations being exposed to greater competition can be a problem. If the
organization is competing for customers, donations, or other means of funding
nationally or even internationally, they may lose out to other organizations that can
offer the same service for less money.

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

IMPACT OF ICT ON SOCIETY

• FASTER COMMUNICATION SPEED

• SOCIAL PROBLEMS
• LOWER COMMUNICATION COST
• BORDERLESS COMMUNICATION
• RELIABLE MODE OF COMMUNICATION
• PAPERLESS ENVIRONMENT
• EFFECTIVE SHARING OF INFORMATION

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 LESSON 1: Information and Communication Technology

ADVANTAGES OF ICT:
• Increasing access through distant learning.
• Enabling a knowledge network for students.
• Training teachers.
• Broadening the availability of quality education materials.
• Enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of educational administration and policy.
• Social skills.
• Research and development.
• Professional development.
• Policy and strategic planning.

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 THANK
YOU!
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 QUESTIONS???

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 References
• W. Samuel, S. G. Ajumo, E. C. Anderson and S. Worgu (2016). ICT As A Change Angent
For Socialization and Social Engineering. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering
(IOSRJCE) e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 18, Issue 4, Ver. II
• https://www.digitalistmag.com/cio-knowledge/2019/02/26/evolution-of-technologycontinues-
what-is-next-in-2019-06196611/
• https://bit.ly/30IZ4FO
• https://ailynvlla.home.blog/2019/03/04/how-ict-affect-our-daily-life/
• https://bit.ly/32Vlpm6
• https://www.wikijob.co.uk/content/application-advice/job applications/what-are-ict-skills
• https://bit.ly/2BuODwV
• https://historyofict.wordpress.com/2016/09/30/the-history-of-ict/

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