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Types of Morphemes.

Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words and forms a core part of linguistic study. It was named in 1859 by August Schleicher. A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone and must be attached to other morphemes. Bound morphemes are further divided into derivational morphemes, which can change the class of a word, and inflectional morphemes, which indicate grammatical functions like number, tense, and comparison.

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155 views16 pages

Types of Morphemes.

Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words and forms a core part of linguistic study. It was named in 1859 by August Schleicher. A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone and must be attached to other morphemes. Bound morphemes are further divided into derivational morphemes, which can change the class of a word, and inflectional morphemes, which indicate grammatical functions like number, tense, and comparison.

Uploaded by

Jaquilyn Cuajao
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Morphology

DEFINITION
The term morphology is Greek and is a makeup of morph-
meaning ‘shape, form’, and
-ology which means ‘the study of something’.

Morphology is the study of the internal


structure of words and forms a core part of
linguistic study today.
Morphology as a sub-discipline of linguistics was
named for the first time in 1859 by the German
linguist August Schleicher who used the term for
the study of the form of words.
Morpheme
DEFINITION
A "morpheme" is a short segment of language that
meets three basic criteria:

1. It is a word or a part of a word that has


meaning.

2. It cannot be divided into smaller meaningful


segments without changing its meaning or leaving
a meaningless remainder.

3. It has relatively the same stable meaning in


different verbal environments.
DEFINITION
A "morpheme" is a short segment of language that
meets three basic criteria:

1. It is a word or a part of a word that has


meaning.

2. It cannot be divided into smaller meaningful


segments without changing its meaning or leaving
a meaningless remainder.

3. It has relatively the same stable meaning in


different verbal environments.
Types Of Morpheme
TWO MAJOR TYPES
FREE MORPHEME BOUND MORPHEME
 Can stand by themselves as a single word because  Can’t normally stand alone and typically need to be
they already had a meaning. attached to another form of morpheme ( Lexical
Morpheme)
 Example:
 open, tour, house, dog  Example:
 re-, in-, dis-, -er, -est, -ed
 Has two categories
 Has two categories
 Lexical Morpheme
 Derivational Morpheme
 Functional Morpheme
 Inflectional Morpheme

 The technique of adding or attaching the bound


morphemes into lexical morpheme is called ‘stem’
FREE MORPHEME
 LEXICAL MORPHEME
 Consisted by ordinary nouns, adjectives, and verbs
 Consider as “open class”

 Nouns: tree, woman, bottle, chair


 Adjectives: good, great, bad, worst
 Verbs: leave, go, write, type
FREE MORPHEME
 FUNCTIONAL  Consisted by conjunctions, prepositions, article
MORPHEME and pronouns, interjection
 Consider as “closed class”

Conjunctions: Interjections:
• Although, as, before, because • wow, ouch, ah

Article: Prepositions:
• a, an, the • next, on, under, toward

Pronouns:
• I, you, we, they, she, he, it
BOUND MORPHEME
 DERIVATIONAL
MORPHEME
 Morphemes that use to make a new word or different
meaning;
 It can change the class of the word.

 Example: “good” + “-ness” goodness


From ADJECTIVE to NOUN

 Has two categories Prefixes and Suffixes


BOUND MORPHEME
DERIVATIONAL MORPHEME

 PREFIXES
 are derivational morphemes that are always used or added in the front of
or before the main word

 Example:
un- + tidy = untidy
dis- + like = dislike
il- + legal = illegal
BOUND MORPHEME
DERIVATIONAL MORPHEME

 SUFFIXES
 derivational morphemes that are always used or added in the end of the
main word

 Example:
good + -ness = goodness
care + -ful = careful
Argue + -ment = argument
BOUND MORPHEME
 INFLECTIONAL
MORPHEME
 Morphemes that are not used to produce a new class or new
word in the language, but to indicate aspect of the
grammatical function of a word.

 English has 8 inflections”

 -s  -s
 -’s  -ing
 -ed  -er
 -en  -est
BOUND MORPHEME
INFLECTIONA
L MORPHEME
BOUND MORPHEME
INFLECTIONA
L MORPHEME
SOURCES

http://www.csun.edu/~sk36711/WWW2/engl302/morph.htm#:~:text=We%20can%20identify%20a%20morpheme,with%20a%
20relatively%20stable%20meaning
.

https://all-about-linguistics.group.shef.ac.uk/branches-of-linguistics/morphology/what-is-morphology/

https://www.studysmarter.us/explanations/english/english-grammar/morphemes/

https://www.rit.edu/ntid/sea/processes/wordknowledge/grammatical/whatare

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