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Experimental Method

There are three main types of experimental methods: 1. Lab experiments allow for precise control but lack ecological validity. 2. Field experiments have greater ecological validity than labs but less control. 3. Natural experiments have the highest ecological validity but no manipulation of variables. Each method involves tradeoffs between control, generalizability, and ethical considerations. Replicability can also vary between methods depending on control over extraneous variables.

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Palak Aneja
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1K views15 pages

Experimental Method

There are three main types of experimental methods: 1. Lab experiments allow for precise control but lack ecological validity. 2. Field experiments have greater ecological validity than labs but less control. 3. Natural experiments have the highest ecological validity but no manipulation of variables. Each method involves tradeoffs between control, generalizability, and ethical considerations. Replicability can also vary between methods depending on control over extraneous variables.

Uploaded by

Palak Aneja
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
•1. Lab Experiment
•A laboratory experiment is an experiment conducted under highly controlled conditions
(not necessarily a laboratory), where accurate measurements are possible.
•The researcher decides where the experiment will take place, at what time, with which
participants, in what circumstances and using a standardized procedure.
•Participants are randomly allocated to each independent variable group.
•Strength: It is easier to replicate (i.e. copy) a laboratory experiment. This is because a
standardized procedure is used.
•Strength: They allow for precise control of extraneous and independent variables. This
allows a cause and effect relationship to be established.
•Limitation: The artificiality of the setting may produce unnatural behavior that does not
reflect real life. This means it would not be possible to generalize the findings to a real
life setting.
•Limitation: Demand characteristics or experimenter effects may bias the results and
become confounding variables.
2. Field Experiment

• Field experiments are done in the everyday (i.e. real life) environment
of the participants. The experimenter still manipulates the
independent variable, but in a real-life setting (so cannot really control
extraneous variables).
• Strength: behavior in a field experiment is more likely to reflect real
life because of its natural setting, i.e. higher ecological validity than a
lab experiment.
• Strength: There is less likelihood of demand characteristics affecting
the results, as participants may not know they are being studied. This
occurs when the study is covert.
• Limitation: There is less control over extraneous variables that might
bias the results. This makes it difficult for another researcher to
replicate the study in exactly the same way.
3. Natural Experiment

• Natural experiments are conducted in the everyday (i.e. real life) environment
of the participants, but here the experimenter has no control over the
independent variable as it occurs naturally in real life.
• Strength: behavior in a natural experiment is more likely to reflect real life
because of its natural setting, i.e. very high ecological validity.
• Strength: There is less likelihood of demand characteristics affecting the
results, as participants may not know they are being studied.
• Strength: Can be used in situations in which it would be ethically unacceptable
to manipulate the independent variable, e.g. researching stress.
• Limitation: They may be more expensive and time consuming than lab
experiments.
• Limitation: There is no control over extraneous variables that might bias the
results. This makes it difficult for another researcher to replicate the study in
exactly the same way.
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

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