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Exposys Data Labs Diabetes Disease Prediction: Shilpa J Shetty Nishma Nayana

This document summarizes a study that used machine learning techniques to predict diabetes using a dataset from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Four algorithms - XGB Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, AdaBoost Classifier, and Gradient Boost Classifier - were trained and tested on the Pima Indian Diabetes dataset. The results showed that the XGB Classifier and Random Forest Classifier had the best performance with a f1-score of 94%, outperforming the AdaBoost and Gradient Boost Classifiers. While the models achieved good results, future work could incorporate additional attributes and unstructured data to improve predictive capability.

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95 views13 pages

Exposys Data Labs Diabetes Disease Prediction: Shilpa J Shetty Nishma Nayana

This document summarizes a study that used machine learning techniques to predict diabetes using a dataset from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Four algorithms - XGB Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, AdaBoost Classifier, and Gradient Boost Classifier - were trained and tested on the Pima Indian Diabetes dataset. The results showed that the XGB Classifier and Random Forest Classifier had the best performance with a f1-score of 94%, outperforming the AdaBoost and Gradient Boost Classifiers. While the models achieved good results, future work could incorporate additional attributes and unstructured data to improve predictive capability.

Uploaded by

Dhyeaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPOSYS DATA LABS

DIABETES DISEASE PREDICTION


S H I LPA J S H E TTY
N IS H M A N AYA N A
Introduction
• Diabetes is a disease that occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high.

•A major reason for deaths in adults across the globe includes this chronic condition.

• Fifth leading cause of death in women and eight leading cause of death for both sexes in 2012

•Research on biological data is limited but with the passage of time enables statistical models to be
used for analysis

•New knowledge is gathered when models are developed using data mining techniques.

•Several data mining techniques have been utilized for disease prediction from biomedical data.
Prediction using Data Mining
Techniques
•Data mining is the process of extracting and analyzing hidden patterns of data to gain useful
information.
•Uses Machine Learning algorithms for extraction of patterns or knowledge from unstructured
data.
•Machine learning techniques play a significant role in prediction and diagnosis of various health
problems like heart disease, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, cancer, skin disease etc.
•In this project, diabetes is predicted using significant attributes, and the relationship of the
differing attributes is also characterized.
•For this prediction different algorithms like Gradient Boost, XGBoost, AdaBoost and random
forest (RF) has been used
Dataset
• The dataset used is originally taken from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases ,publicly available at UCI ML repository
•Many limitations were faced during the selection of the occurrences from the bigger dataset.
•The type of dataset and problem is a classic supervised binary classification.
•The Pima Indian Diabetes (PID) dataset having 9 attributes, 768 records
• Describing female patients of which there were 500 negative instances (65.1%) and 268 positive
instances (34.9%).
Data preprocessing
• Cleaning, transformation, reduction, and resampling of data are applied to preprocess the data
•Data cleaning consists of filling the missing values and removing noisy data.
•Null values were replaced with the mode value of that attribute with respect to the
corresponding output.

• Data reduction obtains a reduced representation of the dataset that is much smaller in volume
without affecting the result.
•Glucose, BMI, diastolic blood pressure and age were significant attributes in the dataset.
• Data resampling refers to methods for economically using a collected dataset that helps to
quantify the uncertainty of the estimate, here RandomOverSampling has been used .
Implementation
• Various classifiers used in this study are as follows

 XGB Classifier(XGB)
 Random forest (RF) Classifier
 AdaBoost Classifier
 Gradient Boost Classifier
• Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for Dimensionality Reduction.
• Performance measures like Precision, Recall ,F1-score has been used.
XGB Classifier(XGB)
• XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) belongs to a family of boosting algorithms and uses the
gradient boosting (GBM) framework at its core.
•Regardless of the type of prediction task at hand, XGBoost is well known to provide better
solutions.

• Comparatively faster than other ensemble classifiers.


• Because the core XGBoost algorithm is parallelizable it can harness the power of multi-core
computers.
• Has parameters for cross-validation, regularization, user-defined objective functions, missing
values, tree parameters, scikit -learn compatible API etc.
RandomForest Classifier
• Flexible, fast, and simple machine learning algorithm which is a combination of tree predictors.
• Builds multiple decision trees and aggregates them to achieve more suitable and accurate
results.

• On the basis of majority voting, the machine learning model is constructed based on
probabilities.
• Random subset of attributes gives more accurate results on large datasets, and more random
trees can be generated by fixing a random threshold for all attributes.
• Solves the overfitting issue and gives the best accuracy and recall score for our dataset.
AdaBoost Classifier
• Ada-boost or Adaptive Boosting is an an iterative ensemble method.
•It combines multiple classifiers to increase the accuracy of classifiers.

• Builds a strong classifier by combining multiple poorly performing classifiers so that you will get
a high accuracy strong classifier.
• Sets the weights of classifiers and trains the data sample in each iteration such that it ensures
the accurate predictions of unusual observations.
•Not prone to overfitting and is sensitive to noise data.
• Slower compared to XGBoost, this algorithm performs pretty well but not the best in our case.
Gradient Boost Classifier
• Each predictor tries to improve on its predecessor by reducing the errors.

• Instead of fitting a predictor on the data at each iteration, it actually fits a new predictor to the
residual errors made by the previous predictor.
• In order to make initial predictions on the data, the algorithm will get the log of the odds of the
target feature.
• For every instance in the training set, it calculates the residuals for that instance, or, in other
words, the observed value minus the predicted value and builds a new Decision Tree .
• When building a Decision Tree, there is a set number of leaves allowed which can be set as a
parameter by a user, and it is usually between 8 and 32.
Result analysis
• XGB Classifier wrongly classifies only 12 records and gives the f1-score of 94% which is really
good.

• Random Forest Classifier also wrongly classifies only 12 records and gives the f1-score of 94%
which is really good.
• AdaBoost Classifier wrongly classifies 21 records and gives the f1-score of around 90% which is
lesser compared to previous two.
• Gradient Boost Classifier wrongly classifies only 14 records and gives the f1-score of 93% which
is good enough.
Conclusion
• The capability to predict diabetes early, assumes a vital role for the patient's appropriate treatment procedure.

• With the help of machine learning algorithms, knowledge has been extracted in the form of numerical values
for the prediction.
• Four machine learning techniques were applied on the Pima Indians diabetes dataset, as well as trained and
validated against a test dataset.
• The results of our model implementations have shown that XGB and Random Forest classifiers outperforms
the other two models.
• The limitation is that a structured dataset has been selected but in the future, unstructured data will also be
considered.
•Other attributes like physical inactivity, family history of diabetes, and smoking habit, are also planned to be
considered in the future for the diagnosis of diabetes.
THANK YOU

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