Human Security

REPORTER ：王乘风，石子骏
DATE ： 2023.3.20
 CONTENT
PART1:Backgrounds

PART2:Contnts

PART3:Arguments

PART4:Institutions
Backgrounds
Its first systematic articulation in the United
Nations 1994 Human Development Report
(HDR).
Background

Chronic physical and economic threats

The expansiveness
of human security Threats that are more sudden due to
natural disasters or political crisis.

A restricted notion of security does not allow for analysis of, and
action on, a whole host of threats to millions of individuals, and
the communities and societies in which they live.
Background

The 1994 Report introduces a new concept of

human security, which equates security with people
rather than territories, with development rather than
arms. It examines both the national and the global
concerns of human security. The Report seeks to
deal with these concerns through a new paradigm
of sustainable human development, capturing the
potential peace dividend, a new form of
development co-operation and a restructured
The United Nations 1994 Human
system of global institutions.
Development Report (HDR)
Contents
Its first systematic articulation in the United
Nations 1994 Human Development Report
(HDR).
This should happen because a restricted
notion of security does not allow for analysis
of, and action on, a whole host of threats to
millions of individuals, and the communities
and societies in which they live.
Contents

First, human security is Second, the different aspects

universal, meaning that it is or components of human
based on principles that have security are interdependent, a
trans-cultural, and trans- point that is consistent with
systemic value, and global the maximalist or holistic
applicability. approaches to human security.
Four main features of
human security were
detailed in the 1994 HDR.
Fourth, human security must
Third, the focus should be on
be people-centred, that is to
prevention in all areas of
say human beings must
freedom from fear and
become the referent objective
freedom from want.
of security.
Contents

The UNDP suggested seven critical areas that warrant

sustained attention. These areas are economic, health, food,
environmental, community, personal, and political security.
Human dignity was later added as a key value to be defended.

The only difference from mainstream security is that the death,

destruction, and instability are not directly caused by interstate
war or the war on terror.
 Millions die, fo Entire region
r in-stance, from s and even n
treatable diseas preventable or regularly sub ation states a
es such as HIV
/AIDS, malaria jected to the re
diarrhoea, and , hurricanes, e r avages of
measles. In 201 arthquakes,
and tens of tho 4 , thousands died floods,
usands were in , tsunamis ，
Ebola outbreak fected from an epidemics, a
in West Africa. disasters. Th nd other nat
ese events o ural
scale displac ften cause la
ements acco rge-
widespread s mpanied by
uffering.

Environmen
tal destructio
and supply p n exerts both
ressures on r demand In many parts o
f the world iden
a range of de esources and conflicts, and e tity-based
leterious con results in specially politic
the destructi sequences in ethnic confronta ally motivated
on of cropla cluding tions, have led
insecure live n d, food scarc The genocides to brutal violen
lihoods. ity, and in Rwanda, Sre ce .
are only the mo b r e nica, and Darfur
st notable insta
macabre violen nces of such
c e.
Arguments
The 1994 Human Development Report
(HDR) was, and remains, the clearest
statement and most comprehensive
conceptualization of human security.
 Arguments
First is the idea that security is a contestable concept,
rather than a practice or condition that is self-evident
or natural.
Second, the focus only on violent conflicts among
states is too restrictive both in terms of theory and
policy.
Third, security as territorial protection through force
of arms is an unnecessarily limited understanding of
both sovereignty and protection.
Institutions
Commission on Human
Security ， International Commission on
Intervention and State
Sovereignty ， Millennium Development Goals
and The International Criminal Court are some
common representative institutions.
 ICISS
CHS Internationa
l Commissio
Commission o Sovereignty n on Interv
n Human Sec (ICISS) and ention and
Commission o urityIn 2001, while the the Respons State
n Human Se th e work of t i bility to Prote
launched to curity (CHS) w consolidatio he CHS co ct
undertake a as n of the bro ntributed t
conditions o b road study of did exactly t adening of s o a
f insecurity
and actionab he opposite e c urity, the IC
recommendati
ons to enhance le in crisis situa by focusing ISS
human securit tions where o n interventi
y. genocide, cr mass atrocit on
imes agains y crimes such
ethnic clean t humanity, as
sing are hap w ar crimes, a
pening or lik nd
ely to happe
n.
MDGs
The declarati
on reaffirme
d t h e n ec es
ICC
lasting pea sity of estab
ce through lishing a The ICC is
an independe
principles of c ontinued s organization th nt internation
the UN Cha upport for at is governe al
'timeless an r te r, which the t he Statute, which d b y the Rome
d universal'. resolution c was adopted o
also inserte At the same alled is a permanent n 17 July 1998.
d a set of p time, the re court, and its p It
the concept rinciples en solution is to hold accou rincipal functio
of human se ti rely consiste ntable and brin n
shared resp curity. The U nt with who are know g to justice those
onsibility is NMD insiste n to have co
mmitted, or a
externalities required to d that a accused of
committing, re
of globalizati deal with against human ge n o cide, crimes
on. the ity, and war crim
e s.
THANK
YOU!