Basic Grammar

Unit 5
Articles
Exercises
• Verb?
Action words – the word which denotes action is called verb
Eg. Run, jump, sit, clap- pure verbs

Present past past participle ‘s’ form -ing form

Run ran ran runs running
Come came come comes coming
Learn learned learned learns learning
Put put put puts putting
Go went gone goes going
Do did done does doing
Fly flew flown flies flying
Auxiliary verb- helping verb

Helping verb are those verbs which determine the tense but cannot
stand alone.

Eg- is, was, are, were, been, be, would etc…

Formula for tenses
• Active Voice Go- went- gone- goes - going
Simple present
singular Plural
1P - I go We go
2p – you go you go
3p- he/she/it go they go
Present continuous/ progressive
singular Plural
1P - I am going We are going
2p – you are going you are going
3p- he/she/it is going they are going
Present Perfect
singular Plural
1P - I have gone We have gone
2p – you have gone you have gone
3p- he/she/it has gone they have gone
Present perfect continuous
singular Plural
1P - I have been going We have been going
2p – you have been going you have been going
3p- he/she/it has been going they have been going

Simple past
singular Plural
1P - I went We went
2p – you went you went
3p- he/she/it went they went

Past continuous/ progressive

singular Plural
1P - I was going We were going
2p – you were going you were going
3p- he/she/it was going they were going
Past Perfect
singular Plural
1P - I had gone We had gone
2p – you had gone you had gone
3p- he/she/it had gone they had gone

Past perfect continuous

singular Plural
1P - I had been going We had been going
2p – you had been going you had been going
3p- he/she/it had been going they had been going

Simple Future
singular Plural
1P - I will go We will go
2p – you will go you will go
3p- he/she/it will go they will go
Future continuous/ progressive
singular Plural
1P - I will be going We will be going
2p – you will be going you will be going
3p- he/she/it will be going they will be going

Future Perfect
singular Plural
1P - I will have gone We will have gone
2p – you will have gone you will have gone
3p- he/she/it will have gone they will have gone

Future perfect continuous

singular Plural
1P - I will have been going We will have been going
2p – you will have been going you will have been going
3p- he/she/it will have been going they will have been going
Exercises

Fill the gaps with the correct tenses.

1. I (learn)_____________  English for seven years now.
2. But last year I (not / work) _________ hard enough for English, that's why my
marks (not / be)_____  really that good then.
3. As I (pass / want)________  my English exam successfully next year,
I (study)______  harder this term.
4. During my last summer holidays, my parents (send)_______  me on a language
course to London.
5. It (be)____  great and I think I (learn)_______  a lot.
6. Before I (go)_____  to London, I (not / enjoy)___________  learning English.
7. But while I (do)_____  the language course, I (meet)__________  lots of young
people from all over the world.
8. There I (notice)______  how important it (be)____  to speak foreign languages
nowadays.
9. Now I (have)______  much more fun learning English than
I (have)_______  before the course.
10. At the moment I (revise)_________  English grammar
Answers

1. have been learning

2.  was not working, were not
3. want to pass, am going to study
4. Sent
5. Learned
6. I had not enjoyed
7.  was doing, met
8. noticed 
9. Have
10. am revising
Prepositions
Preposition of time and place
Exercises
• Fill in the correct prepositions.
• Peter is playing tennis______  Sunday.
• My brother's birthday is_____  the 5th of November.
• My birthday is_____ May.
• We are going to see my parents_____  the weekend.
•  _____1666, a great fire broke out in London.
• I don't like walking alone in the streets______  night.
• What are you doing ____  the afternoon?
• My friend has been living in Canada___  two years.
• I have been waiting for you _____  seven o'clock.
• I will have finished this essay______  Friday.
Answers

• Peter is playing tennis on Sunday.

• My brother's birthday is on the 5th of November.
• My birthday is in May.
• We are going to see my parents at the weekend.
• In 1666, a great fire broke out in London.
• I don't like walking alone in the streets at night.
• What are you doing in the afternoon?
• My friend has been living in Canada for two years.
• I have been waiting for you since seven o'clock.
• I will have finished this essay by Friday.
Exercises

• We live _____  London.
• Would you like to go____  the cinema tonight?
• No, thanks. I was ___  the cinema yesterday.
• We are going_____  holiday next week.
• There is a bridge____  the river.
• The flight from Leipzig to London was_____  Frankfurt.
•  _____my wall, there are many picture postcards.
• Who is the person_____  this picture?
• Come_____  the sitting room, we want to watch TV.
• Munich lies 530 meters ______ sea level.
Answers

• We live in London.
• Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?
• No, thanks. I was at the cinema yesterday.
• We are going on holiday next week.
• There is a bridge across the river.
• The flight from Leipzig to London was via Frankfurt.
• On my wall, there are many picture postcards.
• Who is the person in this picture?
• Come into the sitting room, we want to watch TV.
• Munich lies 530 meters above sea level.
 Direct to indirect speech

1. Remove the inverted commas

2. Add “that” wherever necessary

3. tense changes

4. Questions and exclamations are

converted into statement.
 Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Present simple Past simple
 (Subject +V1st + Object) (Subject +V2 + Object)

Present continuous Past Continuous

 (Subject +is/am/are+V1 +ing+ Object) (Subject +was/were+V1 +ing+ Object)

Present perfect Past perfect

(Subject + has/have+V3+Object) (Subject+had+V3+Object)

Past simple Past perfect

(Subject+V2+Object) (Subject+had+V3+Object)

Past Continuous Past perfect continuous

(Subject +was/were+V1 +ing+ Object) (Subject +had been+V1 +ing+ Object)

Future simple Present Conditional

(Subject+ will/shall+V1+object) (Subject+ would+V1+object)

Future Continuous Conditional Continuous

(Subject +will/shall+be+V1 +ing+ Object) (Subject +would+be+V1 +ing+ Object)
CHANGE IN TESNE OF AUXILLARY VERB

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Can Could

May Might

Must Had to/ Would have to

 

Should Should

Might Might

Could Could

Would Would

Ought to Ought to
 CHANGE IN PRONOUNS

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

I He/she
You He/she/they
We They
They They
He He
She She
It It
Us Them
Our Their
His His
Her Her

Its Its
 CHANGE IN TIME AND PLACE
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Now Then
Here There
Today That day
 
Tomorrow The next day
Last week The previous week
This That
Tonight That night
Ago Before
Thus So
Hither Thither
Come Go
Hence Thence
Next Following
Exercises • Rahul asked me, 'Did you see the cricket match on TV last night? ' ...
• Rahul asked me if/whether I saw the cricket match on the TV the previous night.

• James said to his mother, 'I am leaving for New York tomorrow. ' ...
• James said to his mother that he was leaving for New York the next day.

• He said to her, 'What a hot day! ' ...

• He said to her that it was a hot day.

• The priest said, 'Be quiet and listen to my words. ‘

• The priest asked to be quiet and listen to his words.

• I told them, “You have finished your work.”

• I told them that they had finished their work

• Esha said, “Will she come for lunch?”

• Esha asked if she would come for lunch.

• Vidisha said, “Ananya took pasta.”

Vidisha said that Ananya had taken pasta
• Rita said, “ I may not come tomorrow.”
Rita said that she might not come the next day.

Harry said, “ I slept for a long time.”

Harry said that he had slept for a long time.

Norbu said, “ I was waiting for Manisha maam.”

Norbu said that he had been waiting for Manisha maam.

Sameer said, “ He reached the station an hour ago.”

Sameer said that he had reached the station an hour before.
Manisha maam said, “ Are you coming with us ?”
Manish maam asked if I was going with them.

Priya said, “ It was raining heavily last week.”

Priya said that it had been raining heavily the previous week.
Answers

• Rahul asked me if I saw the cricket match on TV the previous night.

• James said to his mother that he was leaving for New York the next
day.
• He exclaimed that it was a hot day.
• The priest commanded to be quiet and listen to his words.
• I told them that he had finished his work.”
• Esha asked if I would come for lunch.
• Vidisha said that Ananya had taken pasta.
Active
to
passive
voice
1. Tense does not change

2. Subject and object in

the sentence
interchanges its
position.

Subject becomes object

and object becomes
subject.

3. Question remain
question is passive voice
Exercises
• I did not beat her.
• She was not beaten by me.
• I will never forget this experience.
• This experience will never be forgotten by me.
• Mother made a cake yesterday.
• A cake was made by mother yesterday.
• Did she do her duty?
• Was her duty done?
• The tiger was chasing the deer.
• The deer was being chased by the tiger.
• She has written a novel.
• A novel has been written by her.
• She has learned her lessons.
• Her lessons has been learned.
I was singing a song.
A song was being sung by me.

Sneha drank a glass of milk.

A glass of milk was drunk by Sneha.

I have been searching for a book.

No passive voice

A shark ate the small fish.

The small fish was eaten by a shark.

I have eaten my breakfast.

My breakfast was eaten.

Renu had watched the football game yesterday.

the football game had been watched by Renu yesterday.
• Did you keep your book?
• Was your book being kept?
Answers
• She is not beaten by me.
• This experience will never be forgotten by me.
• A cake was made by my mother yesterday
• the girl was teased by the boy.
• Was her duty done by her?
• The deer was chased by the tiger
• A novel was written by her.
• Her lesson has been learned.
 Question Paper Pattern

100 marks – 3 hrs

Part A- 20 of 1 mark each = 20 1 Q no 1to 20

Part B- total of 7 questions but you have to do only 5- open choice

of 4 marks each= 5*4= 20 Q 21 to 27

Part C- 5 questions in either or format – internal choice of 12 marks each 5*12= 60

28) a or b
29) a or b
30) a or b
31) a or b
32) a or b
In part C you definitely have to attempt one question from choices a or b given in each
question.
Thanks and best wishes for your exams