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Dcit 201-Programming I: Session 4 - Introduction To PHP

This document provides an overview of an introductory PHP session that will cover object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, and access modifiers. The session objectives are to understand classes, objects, and functions in PHP and implement subclasses that inherit and override superclass methods. The session outline details topics on classes and objects, class properties and methods, constructors, the $this operator, inheritance, and public/private/protected access modifiers. It also covers primitive data types, invoking overridden methods, and static properties and methods in PHP.

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33 views18 pages

Dcit 201-Programming I: Session 4 - Introduction To PHP

This document provides an overview of an introductory PHP session that will cover object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, and access modifiers. The session objectives are to understand classes, objects, and functions in PHP and implement subclasses that inherit and override superclass methods. The session outline details topics on classes and objects, class properties and methods, constructors, the $this operator, inheritance, and public/private/protected access modifiers. It also covers primitive data types, invoking overridden methods, and static properties and methods in PHP.

Uploaded by

Princess Naomi Akinboboye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

DCIT 201- PROGRAMMING I

Session 4 – Introduction to PHP

Lecturer: Mr. Paul Ammah, CSD


Contact Information: pammah@ug.edu.gh

Department of Computer Science


School of Physical and Mathematical Science
Session Objectives
• Understand class, objects and functions
• Be able to implement subclasses that inherit and override
superclass methods

Slide 2
Session Outline
The key topics to be covered in the session are as follows:
• Understand the concepts of classes, objects and encapsulation
using PHP
• Be able to implement instance variables, methods, and
constructors
• Understand and apply access modifiers
• Be able to design, implement and test self-written classes
• Understand the behavior of objects references, static variables,
and static methods

Slide 3
Topic One

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Slide 4
Class and Object

class Product
{
// class body
}

$product = new Product();

var_dump($product);
Slide 5
Setting Properties in a Class
class Product
{
public $title = "default product";
public $producerMainName = "main name";
public $producerFirstName = "first name";
public $price = 0;
}

Slide 6
Accessing Object Properties
• Properties are accessed using the arrow notation
• Arrow notation also can be used to access
functions
$product = new Product();
print $product->title;

Slide 7
Methods
• The function keyword precedes a method name, followed
by an optional list of argument variables in parentheses.
• Like properties, methods can be declared public, protected,
or private
• A method can return a value or none.
• The method body is enclosed by braces:

public function myMethod($argument, $another)


{
// ...
}

Slide 8
Constructor Method
• A constructor method is invoked when an object is created.
• A constructor method in PHP has the following signature:

public function __construct($args) {


}

Slide 9
$this Operator
public function __construct(
$title, $firstName, $mainName, $price
) {
$this->title = $title;
$this->producerFirstName = $firstName;
$this->producerMainName = $mainName;
$this->price = $price;
}

• $this operator is used to access methods and properties within a


class

Slide 10
Primitive Types
• PHP is a loosely typed language.
• This means that there is no necessity for a variable to be
declared to hold a particular data type.
• This does not mean that PHP has no concept of type.
• Every value that can be assigned to a variable has a type.
• You can determine the type of a variable’s value using one
of PHP’s type-checking functions

Slide 11
Primitive Types cont’d

Slide 12
Type Declaration

Slide 13
Inheritance
• Inheritance is achieved using the extends keyword:
class CdProduct extends Product
{
//…..
}

Slide 14
Constructors and Inheritance
• When you define a constructor in a child class, you become
responsible for passing any arguments on to the parent.
• If you fail to do this, you can end up with a partially
constructed object.
• To refer to a method in the context of a class rather than an
object, you use :: rather than ->:
parent::__construct()

Slide 15
Invoking an Overridden Method
• The parent keyword can be used with any method that
overrides its counterpart in a parent class.
• When you override a method, you may not wish to
obliterate the functionality of the parent, but rather to
extend it.

Slide 16
Public, Private, and Protected
• Elements in your classes can be declared public,
private, or protected:
– A public properties and methods can be accessed from any
context.
– A private method or property can only be accessed from
within the enclosing class. Even subclasses have no access.
– A protected method or property can only be accessed from
within either the enclosing class or from a subclass. No
external code is granted access.

Slide 17
Static Methods and Properties
• You can access both methods and properties in the
context of a class rather than that of an object.
• Such methods and properties are “static” and must be
declared as such by using the static keyword
class StaticExample {
static public $aNum = 0;
public static function sayHello() {
print "hello";
}
}
print StaticExample::$aNum;
StaticExample::sayHello();

Slide 18

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