Lecture

A R T A S 1A
HUMANI STI C
DISCIPLINE
LECTURES

❑ Art as a Humanistic Discipline

❑ The Humanities in Western
Civilization
❑ The Humanities and the
Filipino Personhood
(Pagkatao)
❑ The Filipino Concept of
Art
A r t a s a Hu m anistic
Discipline
 FRAMEWORKS AND PERSPECTIVES

FIELDS OF LEARNING

Sciences HUMANITIES

Language History ART Philosophy

Art ART
A P P R E C IA T ION
Creation
Artist Spectator
Practice Theory
 THE TWO GENERAL
FIELDS OF LEARNING
The The
SCIENCES HUMANITIES
Deals with natural, Deals with human
physical phenomena
phenomena
 PARADIGM FOR LEARNING
IN THE SCIENCES

SUBJECT-KNOWER OBJECT-KNOWN

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

“The scientist learns about things in the

world.”
 PARADIGM FOR LEARNING
IN THE HUMANITIES

SUBJECT-KNOWER = OBJECT-KNOWN

REFLEXIVE
METHOD

“The humanist learns about the self.”

 The Basic
Question
The
In Humanities

“WHO AM I?”
THINKERS WHOSE THOUGHTS WERE THE BASIS
OF METHOD IN THE HUMANITIES

“Know thyself.”
- SOCRATES
470-399
BC

“Withdraw into yourself

Truth dwells in the inner
man.”
- St.
 THE THE
SCIENCE HUMANITIES
S
KNOWLEDGE WISDOM

The scientist The humanist

becomes a becomes a
LEARNED MAN. WISE MAN.
A SCIENTIST TENDS
TO KNOW
EVERYTHING
ABOUT THE WORLD
THAT HE FORGETS
TO KNOW
ANYTHING ABOUT
HIMSELF.

- THALES of
Miletus
624-546
BC
 “WHAT THE
SUPERIOR MAN
SEEKS IS IN
HIMSELF, WHAT
THE SMALL MAN
SEEKS IS IN

OTHERS.”
- CONFUCIUS
551-479 BC
 WHO AM I?
What is the basic
answer to this
question?
 WHO AM I?
“I am a human
being.”
“HUM A N ITIE
 The Humanities in
Western Civilization
 Panofsky, “Art as a Humanistic Discipline”

“HUMANITIES”
LATIN ENGLISH
humanitas humanity

Gods in the state of perfection

divinitas in heaven

People in the state of culture in

humanitas civilized society

Savages in the state of nature

barbaritas for survival
 THE PLACE OF HUMANITIES IN
THE HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION

ANCIENT COSMOCENTRIC VIEW

PROTAGORAS: Man is the measure of all things.
800 BC GEOCENTRISM: Man is at the center of the universe.

THEOCENTRIC VIEW
MEDIEVAL SCHOLASTICISM: Man is created in the image of God
300 AD Man is at the center of creation.

RENAISSANCE ANTHROPOCENTRIC VIEW

HUMANISM: Nothing is more wonderful than man.
1400
MODERN SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC VIEW
Man is a part of nature.
1600
POSTMODERN ECLECTIC VIEW
Man is a piece of everything.
1960
 ANCIENT
IMAGE OF
COSMO
CENTRICMAN:

GEOCENTRIC
THEORY
Earth (Man) is
the center of
the universe.

1 6 th -cen t u r y

r e pr e sen ta t ion
of Ptolemy's
geocentric
model in Pe t e r
Apia n 's

Cos m ogr a ph ia ,
 MEDIEVAL IMAGE
OF
THEOCENTRIC
MAN
Man is created by God.

Ada m a n d Eve,
from t h e Escorial
Bea tus a 1 0 t h
c e n t u r y illuminated
m a nusc ri pt .
 RENAISSANCE
IMAGE OF
MAN:
ANTROPOCENTRIC
MAN:

Measure of all things

Leonardo da Vinci
Vitruvian Man, 1490
 RENAISSANCE IMAGE OF ANTHROPOCENTRIC MAN
The image of man is the image of God. Man is the measure of God.

Michelangelo, The Creation of Adam (Sistine Chapel Painting, 1512 )

 HELIOCENTRIC
THEORY

Removed man from

the center of the
universe and
suggested the view
man was special
in
the universe.

Nicolaus
Copernicus' De
revolutionibus
orbium coelestium
(On the Revolutions
of the Heavenly
Spheres)
1543
MODERN IMAGE OF SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC MAN
Man is a part of nature.

The Human Evolution

MODERN IMAGE OF SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC MAN
The scientist is detached observer of the objectified man.

Rembrandt, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp 1632

MODERN IMAGE
OF SCIENTIFIC-
TECHNOCENTRIC
MAN

Man is dehumanized
during the
industrial age.

Cesar Legaspi
Gadgets
1947
Mideo Cruz, Polytheism, from Kulo Exhibit 2 0 1 1

POSTMODERN IMAGE OF ECLECTIC MAN

Man is a piece of everything.
 The Changing Concept of Humanus
Ancient- Humans hold the most value and responsible
for the rest of creation

Medieval - We are the image of God

Renaissance - Great achievements of humankind such

as the great artists

Modern- We are just part of nature. We can also

manipulate nature and humans like objects.

Post-Modern- No definite, clear or fixed definition of

humans. There are multiple possible ideas, any
concept can be challenged.
 H U M A N IST I
C
DISCIPLINES
HISTORY
Human events happening in the world
LANGUAGE
Written and oral forms of human communication
PHILOSOPHY
Human reason concerning reality

ART
Admiration (ART APPRECIATION) of human-made objects and
the human creativity (ART CREATION) by which these objects are
made
ETYMOLOGY Professional &
Academic Artist
LATIN
FINE ARTS
ENGLISH
Architect
ars production
Skillful art
or performance Sculptor
MAJOR
LIBERAL ART ARTIST ARTART
SERVILE ART ARTISAN CRAFT

MINOR ART
Stone Cutter
Carpenter
 WESTERN C ON CE P T OF A R T

ACADEMIC Only schooled people are artists

ELITIST Meant for the higher social class

HIERARCHICAL Liberal art and servile art, high and

low art, major art and minor art or
craft, fine art and practical art,
folk art, indigenous art, popular
art
WESTERN CLASSIFICATION
OF THE ARTS

MAJOR ART
Made by artists and
primarily concerned with
the form of beauty

MINOR ART OR
CRAFT
Made by artisans and
concerned with functionality
and usefulness of
human-made objects
 Classification

FINE ARTS Also called Major Arts

Excellent, scholarly and professional

LIBERAL ARTS work (Architecture); Subjects
necessary for such work

SERVILE ARTS Work for pay, with physical labor

 THE SEVEN MAJOR ARTS
IN WESTERN CIVILIZATION

PAINTING
Visual SCULPTURE
ARCHITECTUR
E
MUSIC
Performing DANCE
DRA M A

Linguistic LITERAT
URE
 MINOR ARTS: CRAFT

Ceramics
Weaving
Sewing
Handicraft
Carpentry
Masonry
Stone Cutting
Gardening
Cooking
Made by the artist and the artisans, Michelangelo,
Sistine Chapel ceiling
but only the artist took the credit 1508-1512