Relations and Functions

Week 1: Day 1
by: MvptBendalian

04/30/23 15:49 Relations and Functions 1

Review
 A relation between two variables x and y is a set
of ordered pairs
 An ordered pair consist of a x and y-coordinate
 A relation may be viewed as ordered pairs, mapping
design, table, equation, or written in sentences
 x-values are inputs, domain, independent
variable
 y-values are outputs, range, dependent variable

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 Example 1

{(0, 5), (1, 4), ( 2, 3), ( 3, 2), (4, 1), (5, 0)}

What is the domain?

•

{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What is the range?
{-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}
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Example 2

Input 4 –5 0 9 –1

Output –2 7

• What is the domain?

{4, -5, 0, 9, -1}
•What is the range?

{-2, 7}
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 Is a relation a function?

What is a function?
According to the textbook, “a
function is…a relation in which
every input is paired with exactly
one output”

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 Is a relation a function?
• Focus on the x-coordinates, when given a relation

If the set of ordered pairs have different x-coordinates,

it IS A function

If the set of ordered pairs have same x-coordinates,

it is NOT a function

• Y-coordinates have no bearing in determining functions

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 Example 3
{(0, 5), (1, 4), (2, 3), ( 3, 2), (4, 1), (5, 0)}

•Is this a function?

•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates

YES

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 Example 4
{(–1, 7), (1, 0), ( 2, 3), (0, 8), (0, 5), (–2, 1)}

Is this a function?
•
•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates

NO

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 Tell whether the given relation is
function or not function
Table of Values

1. x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 1 3 5 7 9
function

2. x -2 -1 0 1 -2
not function
y 2 4 6 8 10

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 Tell whether the given relation is
function or not function
Table of Values

3. x -2 0 2 4 6
y 2 2 2 3 3 function

Hint: Look only at the values of the x -

•

coordinate

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Example 5
Which mapping represents a function?

Choice One Choice Two

3 –1 2 2
1 2 –1 3
0 3 3 –2
0

Choice 1
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Example 6
Which mapping represents a function?

A. B.

B
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 Example 7
Which situation represents a function?

a. The items in a store to their prices on a certain

date
b. Types of fruits to their colors
There is only one price for each different A fruit, such as an apple, from the domain
item on a certain date. The relation from would be associated with more than one
items to price makes it a function. color, such as red and green. The relation
from types of fruits to their colors is not a
function.

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 Tell whether the given relation is
function or not function
Equation

1) 2x + 6y = 7 3) 5x + 4y2 = 7
function not function

2) y = 3x - 7 4) 2x2 - 7y = 7

function function

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 Tell whether the given relation is
function or not function
Equation

5) 8x2 + 6y2 = 0 7) 5x + 4y ≤ 7

Not function not function

6) y > 3x - 7 Hint: Look only at the exponent of y

•

and if the equation uses an equality.

Not function
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 Vertical Line Test

Vertical Line Test: a relation is a function if a

•

vertical line drawn through its graph, passes through

only one point.

AKA: “The Pencil Test”

Take a pencil and move it from left to right (–x to x);
if it crosses more than one point, it is not a function

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Vertical Line Test

Would this
graph be a
function?

YES
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Vertical Line Test

Would this
graph be a
function?

NO
04/30/23 15:49 Relations and Functions 18
 Domain and Range in Real Life
The number of shoes in x pairs of shoes can be expressed by the
equation y = 2x.

What subset of the real numbers makes sense for the

domain?

Whole numbers

What would make sense for the range of the

function?

Zero and the even numbers

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
The number of shoes in x pairs of shoes can be expressed by the
equation y = 2x.

What is the independent variable?

The # of pairs of shoes.

What is the dependent variable?

The total # of shoes.

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Mr. Landry is driving to his hometown. It takes four hours to get
there. The distance he travels at any time, t, is represented by the
function d = 55t (his average speed is 55mph.

Write an inequality that represents the domain in real life.

0 x  4
Write an inequality that represents the range in real life.

0  y  220

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Mr. Landry is driving to his hometown. It takes four hours to get
there. The distance he travels at any time, t, is represented by the
function d = 55t (his average speed is 55mph.

What is the independent variable?

The time that he drives.
What is the dependent variable?

The total distance traveled.

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Johnny bought at most 10 tickets to a concert for him and his friends.
The cost of each ticket was P450.
Complete the table below to list the possible domain and range.

           
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
           
450 900 1350 1800 2250 2700 3150 3600 4050 4500

What is the independent variable?

The number of tickets bought.
What is the dependent variable?
The total cost of the tickets.

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Pete’s Pizza Parlor charges P250 for a large pizza with no toppings.
They charge an additional P75 for each of their 5 specialty toppings
(tax is included in the price).

Jorge went to pick up his order. They said his total bill was P475.00.
Could this be correct? Why or why not?

Yes One pizza with 3 toppings cost P475

Susan went to pick up her order. They said she owed P512.50.
Could this be correct? Why or why not?

No One pizza with 4 toppings cost P550

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Pete’s Pizza Parlor charges P250 for a large pizza with no toppings.
They charge an additional P75 for each of their 5 specialty toppings
(tax is included in the price).

What is the independent variable?

The number of toppings

What is the dependent variable?

The cost of the pizza

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 Evaluation of Functions
Week 1: Day 2
by: MvptBendalian

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Review:
 How will you know that a relation is a
function -
 In a set of ordered pairs?
 In a mapping diagram?
 In a table?
 In an equation or formula?
 In a form of a graph?

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Review

 Which of the relations are functions?

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Review
 Which of the following mapping diagram are
functions?

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Review
 Which of the following represent a function?

 Identify the domain for each relations above using set builder
notation.

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Review
 Which of the following graphs can be a graph of
a function?

A) C)

B) D)

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Presentation:

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Function Notation
f(x) means function of x and is read “f of x.”

f(x) = 2x + 1 is written in function notation.

The notation f(1) means to replace x with 1 resulting in

the function value.

f(1) = 2x + 1
f(1) = 2(1) + 1
f(1) = 3

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Function Notation
Given g(x) = x2 – 3, find g(-2) .

g(-2) = x2 – 3
g(-2) = (-2)2 – 3
g(-2) = 1

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 Function Notation
Given f(x) = 2 x2  3 x , the following.

a. f(3) b. 3f(x) c. f(3x)

f(3) = 2x2 – 3x 3f(x) = 3(2x2 – 3x) f(3x) = 2x2 – 3x

f(3) = 2(3)2 – 3(3) 3f(x) = 6x2 – 9x f(3x) = 2(3x)2 – 3(3x)
f(3) = 2(9) - 9 f(3x) = 2(9x2) – 3(3x)
f(3) = 9 f(3x) = 18x2 – 9x

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For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),

f(0) = 3

f(1.5) = 4

f(-4) = 4

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For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),

f(0) = 1

f(1.5) = 3

f(-4) =1

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For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),

f(0) = -5

f(1.5) = 1

f(-4) =1

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 Operations on Functions
Week 1: Day 3
by: MvptBendalian

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Function Operations and Composition of Functions

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Function Operations and Composition of Functions

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Function Operations and Composition of Functions

a.

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Function Operations and Composition of Functions

a.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

a.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

a.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

a.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

b.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

b.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

b.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

b.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

b.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

b.

If the function can be simplified,

determine the domain before
simplifying!
Function Operations and Composition of Functions
Function Operations and Composition of Functions
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
a.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
a.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
b.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
b.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
c.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
c.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
c.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
d.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
d.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 2: Find each composite function. Determine the

domain of each composite function.
d.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 3: : Find and then evaluate each composite

function.
a.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 3: : Find and then evaluate each composite

function.
a.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 3: : Find and then evaluate each composite

function.
b.
Function Operations and Composition of Functions

Sample Problem 3: : Find and then evaluate each composite

function.
b.
 Relations and Functions
Week 1: Day 4
by: MvptBendalian

04/30/23 15:49 Relations and Functions 69

Piecewise Function:
 Some situations can only be described by more than one
formula depending on the value of the independent
variable.

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Piecewise Function:

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Piecewise Function:
Solution:
Let T(x) represent the temperature of the water in degree celcius as a function of
cumulative total heat added in Joules. The function T(x) can be graphed as fiollows:

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Piecewise Function:
Example:
A jeepney ride costs P8.00 for the first 4 kilometers and each additional
integer kilometer adds P 1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the
jeepney fare in terms of the distance d in kilometers.

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Piecewise Function:
Seatwork:
1.A videoke machine can be rented for P1, 000 for three days but the fourth
day onwards, an additional cost of P400 per day is added. Represent the cost
of renting a videoke machine as a piecewise function of the number of days
it is rented and plot its graph.

The fee for hiring a guide to explore a cave is P700. a guide can only take
2.
care of a maximum of 4 persons, and additional guides can be hired as
needed. Represent the cost of hiring guides as a function of the number of
tourists who wish to explore the cave and plot its graph

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Piecewise Function:
Seatwork:
3. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is
P150 per head for 20 persons or less, P130 per head for 21 to
50 persons, and P110 per head for 51 to 100 persons. For 100
or more persons, the cost is at P100 per head. Represent the
total cost as a piecewise function of the number of attendees
of the party.

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Piecewise Function:

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Piecewise Function:

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