21st CENTURY LITERATURE

Exploring
Philippine
Literary Forms,
Genres, and
Elements, Lesson 1

Prepared by: Divine Grace C. Lanaban, LPT

 Learning Agenda
What is literature? Genres of literature
01 A brief introduction to the 03 A discussion of the characteristics
characteristics and definition of and definition of the literary genres
literature

Prose and Poetry Elements of literature

02 A discussion about the two 04 A discussion of the characteristics
major forms of literature. and definition of literary elements.
literature
- derived from the Latin word “littera” which means “a
letter from the alphabet”
- defined as the body of written works associated with
imaginative and creative works
- Can either be in oral or written form

The products of written literature are called

LITERARY TEXT.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF LITERARY TEXT

1. It narrates a story.
2. It expresses feelings, thoughts, and ideas.
3. It delivers significant information
LITERARY STRUCTURE
- refers to the organizational method used in
literature
- may involve the arrangement of various
elements according to the purpose, style,
and genre to effectively convey the intended
meaning to the audience.
 2 major
forms of
literature
 Prose Poetry
Prose is a form of literature that Poetry is a genre of literature that
applies a natural flow of speech is usually written in lines and is
and grammatical structures characterized by having the
which are mainly consisting of element of rhythm, sound,
complete sentences arranged imagery, and form.
logically and sequentially in a
paragraph form.
Its main purpose is to express
feelings, thoughts, and ideas.
3 types of
poetry
 Poetry
Narrative Lyric Dramatic
Narrative poetry is a Lyric poetry is a type of Dramatic poetry is a
form of poetry that tells poetry that expresses type of poetry that is
a story. It usually personal emotions or meant to be performed
follows a plot with in a play or theatrical
thoughts. It often
setting. It often includes
characters, a setting, and includes rhyme and elements of dialogue,
a climax. meter and can be sung monologue, and
as a song. characterization.
 Literature

Poetry

Narrative Lyric Dramatic

Epic Song Tragedy
Ballad Ode Comedy
Metrical Tale Sonnet Melodrama
Elegy Farce
Idyll Social Tale
2 types of
prose
 Prose
Fiction Non-
Fiction in literature is a product
of the writer's wild imagination
Fiction
Non-fiction in literature are stories
inspired by real events where the
and
writers
creative thinking where the
aim to present, interpret, or describe
characters react to
experiences based on facts.
the conflict and
various issues
central to the main idea of
a literary work.
 Literature

Prose
Fiction Non-
Fiction
Novel History
Short Story News
Novella Biography
Fable Diary
Parable Anecdote
Legend Essay
 Literature
Prose Poetry

Fiction Non-Fiction Narrative Lyric Dramatic

Novel History Epic Song Tragedy

Short Story News Ballad Ode Comedy

Novella Biography Metrical Tale Sonnet Melodrama

Fable Diary Elegy Farce

Parable Anecdote Idyll Social Tale

Legend Essay
 genre of
literature
 genr
eliterature.
the forms of
General ones are:
ORAL Main types are:
and
WRITTEN PROSE
and
POETRY
 Most general genres in literature are:
Epic, tragedy, comedy, and creative nonfiction

can all be in
the form of
prose or
poetry.
Other forms that have sprung through the years:
crime, fantasy, romance, science fiction, thriller, inspirational,
historical fiction and horror.
 literary
elements
elemen
ts
refer to particular identifiable characteristics of a whole
text.

they represent the elements of storytelling which are

common to all literary and narrative forms.

For example, every story has a theme, a setting, a

conflict, and has a particular point-of-view, etc.
The common elements of a story are:

SETTI THEM
NG E
CHARAC POINT
TER OF
VIEW
CONFLI PL
CT OT
Own Elements of PLOT:
 Four (4) Essential Elements in Poetry:

1. FORM
the physical structure of the poem:
line lengths, stanza
lengths, rhyme
schemes
 Four (4) Essential Elements in Poetry:

2. IMAGERY
visual images in the reader's mind.

3. RHYTHM
the pattern of beats made up of stressed and unstressed syllables
resulting in the rising and falling of the voice.
more concerned with the flow of the beat such as whether it is fast or
slow.
 Four (4) Essential Elements in Poetry:

4. SOUND
literary elements used to stress certain sounds and create musical
effects.
deals with the common use of rhymes and other literary devices

help the reader “hear” a poem.

Most common sound devices:

Repetition, Rhyme, Alliteration, Assonance, and
Onomatopoeia.
◦Repetition
repeating of words, phrases, or lines

◦Alliteration
repeating same consonant sounds
◦Assonance
repeating same vowel sounds

◦Onomatopoeia
the use of the actual sound to
represent someone or something
 Why is it
Important?
Literature helps to Literature teaches us Literature provides a
develop language and about history and form of escapism.
communication skills. culture. Reading Reading literature can
Reading and literature from different be a great way to
understanding literature times and places can escape from the
helps to build vocabulary, give us an insight into
encourages imagination, stresses of daily life
the history, culture, and and open up a world of
and helps to develop beliefs of the people
critical thinking. possibility.
who wrote them.
 Why is it
Important?
Literature can inspire Literature encourages Literature helps to build
and motivate. Reading empathy. Reading connections. Literature
literature can help to literature can help us to can help to build
inspire and motivate us understand the thoughts connections between
in our own lives, and feelings of others, and people, creating a sense
to develop a greater
allowing us to learn of shared understanding
understanding and
from the experiences of appreciation of different
and appreciation.
the characters. cultures.
Literary works have the
power to transport us to
worlds far beyond our own
and to open our eyes to new
perspectives.
They can inspire us to take stands, to take action, and to think differently. In
short, they are essential to our individual growth and to the health of our
society.
 end
Thank You for
Listening!
Direction: Using Venn diagram, give the similarities and differences of
Prose and Poetry.​

Prose Poetry