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Ibong Adarna

This document provides an overview of natural gas, including: 1) Natural gas is the fastest growing and cleanest burning fossil fuel, responsible for one-third of total energy demand and one-quarter of electricity generation. 2) Natural gas is made up primarily of methane along with other hydrocarbons like ethane, propane, and butane. It is formed from the decomposition of organic matter deep underground over millions of years. 3) Natural gas deposits are located using seismic testing and extracted through vertical or horizontal drilling methods along with hydraulic fracturing. The extracted gas is then piped to processing plants.

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32 views13 pages

Ibong Adarna

This document provides an overview of natural gas, including: 1) Natural gas is the fastest growing and cleanest burning fossil fuel, responsible for one-third of total energy demand and one-quarter of electricity generation. 2) Natural gas is made up primarily of methane along with other hydrocarbons like ethane, propane, and butane. It is formed from the decomposition of organic matter deep underground over millions of years. 3) Natural gas deposits are located using seismic testing and extracted through vertical or horizontal drilling methods along with hydraulic fracturing. The extracted gas is then piped to processing plants.

Uploaded by

JustinPaulo Siron
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GROUP 5

ABOUT NATURAL GAS

Reported by. Jennica Manansala


What Is Natural Gas?
• We use natural gas as an energy source more than any other fuel. As
the fastest growing and cleanest burning fossil fuel, natural gas is
responsible for nearly one-third of our total energy demand and almost
one-quarter of our electricity generation.

• Unless you’re an industry expert, there’s a good chance you’re not


familiar with the beyond-the-basics details of natural gas. Read on to
get a detailed understanding of the fossil fuel we have come to depend
on so heavily. 
What is the history of natural gas?
• The first commercialized natural gas occurred
in Britain. Around 1785, the British used
natural gas produced from coal to light houses
and streets. In 1816, Baltimore, Maryland used
this type of manufactured natural gas to
become the first city in the United States to
light its streets with gas.
Is it important to have natural Gas?
• Natural gas is a clean-burning source of energy
that is used for heating, cooling, electricity
generation, creating indispensable materials
(such as steel and concrete) and more. Plus,
each of these broader operations actually
entails many functions.
What Is the Definition of Natural Gas?

• If you look at dictionary.com, the definition of natural gas is “a


combustible mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons that
accumulates in porous sedimentary rocks, especially those
yielding petroleum, consisting usually of over 80% methane
together with minor amounts of ethane, propane, butane,
nitrogen, and, sometimes, helium.”

• Whoa, what? That’s a lot to digest. Let’s break down all that


information into something a bit easier to understand. We’ll
take that definition part-by-part, starting with the four natural
gases.  
What Main Types of Gas
Make Up Natural Gas? 

• They are known as the four natural gases and include the 
first four alkanes — methane, ethane, butane, and
propane.  

• Are Gas and Natural Gas the Same?  

• What do gas and natural gas have in common? The majority


of Americans will use both of them on a daily basis. They are
also both made up of hydrocarbons, and since they’re 
made from fossil fuels,
Where Does Natural Gas Come From?
• Naturally occurring gases result from layers upon layers of
decomposing animal and plant matter found under sediment,
land, and sea. When the buried organic matter becomes oxygen-
deprived, it goes through a thermal breakdown of intense heat
and pressure under the Earth’s surface. This process, which
occurs over millions of years, converts organic matter into
hydrocarbons and leaves it in the gaseous state of natural gas. 

• There are two categories of natural gas, which we base on the


gas’s origin and location. The categories are
labeled conventional and unconventional.
What Is the Difference Between Conventional and Unconventional
Natural Gas?

• Conventional natural gas deposits are mostly found with oil reservoir
deposits and are relatively easy to access. We extract conventional
natural gas through an original drilling method (called vertical well
drilling) and traditional pumping techniques. We’ll get to more on
this in just a bit. 

• Unconventional natural gas deposits are more difficult to access. Poor


accessibility could be due to how far beneath the Earth’s surface
they’re located. Generally speaking, we find unconventional natural
gas deposits in rock formations that we classify as impenetrable.
Unconventional natural gas is commonly extracted from coalbed
methane, methane hydrates, shale gas, and tight gas sandstone. 
How Do We Get Natural Gas?

After being wholly formed, natural gas


deposits become trapped underground
within rock formations.
We can extract natural gas
from there. The process is easiest
If the surrounding sediments and
rock formations are both
highly permeable
and porous.
How Do We Locate Natural Gas
Deposits?
• First things first, we can’t extract natural gas from any old
rock formations. We first need to determine where to locate
natural gas deposits. We can identify them by using seismic
testing. Seismic waves are generated in areas where
underground rock formations known to house natural gas
deposits, such as coal beds and shale rock, are suspected to
be.  
• Geophysicists interpret the results through acoustic
receivers called geophones. After a natural gas deposit has
been located and selected for development, a number of steps
are taken. 
How Is Natural Gas Extracted?

There are three different techniques used for the


extraction of natural gas. The method is chosen based
on the area’s geology and how accessible the natural
gas deposits are. The three modes of extraction include
vertical drilling, horizontal drilling, and hydraulic
fracturing, also known as fracking. 
What Happens With Natural Gas After
Extraction?
After the drilling is complete and the natural gas supply is
flowing into the well, the drilling 
equipment is removed and replaced with a wellhead.
Gathering pipelines then move the gas supply to the
processing plant facilities. 
THANK YOU

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