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This document discusses linguistic borrowing and different types of language borrowing. It defines loanwords as words assimilated from one language into another. Loan-translators are borrowed words translated literally, while loan-renditions vaguely capture the original meaning. Loan-blends borrow one part of a compound and translate the other. Loan-shifts borrow semantic rather than lexical meaning. The document also discusses code-switching and different discourses of language like political, academic, religious, media, legal, medical, and business discourse.

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Lea Mae V. Mermida
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266 views19 pages

LCSPPT

This document discusses linguistic borrowing and different types of language borrowing. It defines loanwords as words assimilated from one language into another. Loan-translators are borrowed words translated literally, while loan-renditions vaguely capture the original meaning. Loan-blends borrow one part of a compound and translate the other. Loan-shifts borrow semantic rather than lexical meaning. The document also discusses code-switching and different discourses of language like political, academic, religious, media, legal, medical, and business discourse.

Uploaded by

Lea Mae V. Mermida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Ethnography and

Ethnolinguistic Research
Presented by: Bautista, Mary Angeline A. Mabinay, Christine Joy T.
Mariano, Margieluz B. Mermida, Lea Mae V.
Dela Rosa, Katarina G.
Linguistic Borrowing
The abstract noun borrowing refers to the process of speakers adopting
words from a source language into their native language. "Loan" and
"borrowing" are of course metaphors, because there is no literal lending
process. There is no transfer from one language to another and no
“returning” words to the source language.

Examples: They/their – comes from the Old Norse word “Peir”.


Person – comes from the Latin “persona”.
Very – comes from the Old French “verai”, which means “true”.
Types of Language Borrowing
Loanword
is a word at least partly assimilated from one
language into another language.

Examples: Café- French which means coffee.


Bazaar- Persian which means market.
Types of Language Borrowing
Loan-translator
a word or phrase borrowed from another language
by literal word-for-word or root-for-root
translation.
Example:
The English term Skyscraper is translated as 'gratte-ciel' in
French.
Types of Language Borrowing

Loan-rendition
the translation vaguely captures the original
meaning: refrigerator is translated as ‘ice-box’ in
Chinese.
Types of Language Borrowing
Loan-blend
one part of the compound is borrowed, the other
one translated.

Example:
`monolingual' has a Greek prefix and a Latin root.
Types of Language Borrowing
Loan-shifts
a process of borrowing semantic meaning (rather than lexical items) from another
language, very similar to the formation of calques

A typical example is the French word souris, which means "mouse" (the animal).
After the English word mouse acquired the additional sense of "computer
mouse", when French speakers began speaking of computer mice, they did so by
extending the meaning of their own word souris by analogy with how English
speakers had extended the meaning of mouse.
Code Switching
- refers to the specific linguistic action of alternating or
combining two or more languages.

- describes the use of different dialects, accents, language


combinations, and mannerisms within social groups in
order to project a particular identity. 
Discourses of Language in Cultural and
Social Relevance

Political discourse

The text and talk of professional politicians or political


institutions. This includes speeches, debates, and other
forms of communication related to politics and government.
Discourses of Language in Cultural and
Social Relevance
Academic discourse
- a formal and structured way of communicating ideas,
research, and knowledge within academic
communities.
- It is characterized by its use of specialized
vocabulary, formal writing conventions, and rigorous
standards of evidence and argumentation.
Discourses of Language in Cultural and
Social Relevance

Example: a research paper

Academic discourse is important for advancing


knowledge and understanding in various fields..
Discourses of Language in Cultural and
Social Relevance

Religious discourse
This includes texts, sermons, and other forms of
communication related to religion. It involves the use of
religious language, symbols, and concepts to express ideas
and perspectives related to religion.
Discourses of Language in Cultural and
Social Relevance

An example of religious discourse is a debate between two


individuals, one who believes in the existence of God and the
other who does not.

Religious discourse is important for shaping beliefs and values,


as well as providing guidance and inspiration.
Discourses of Language in Cultural and
Social Relevance

Media discourse
This includes news reporting, entertainment, and other forms
of communication related to the media. Media discourse is
important for shaping public opinion and cultural norms.
Discourses of Language in Cultural and
Social Relevance

Legal discourse
This includes court proceedings, legal documents, and other
forms of communication related to the law. Legal discourse
is important for establishing and enforcing legal rights and
responsibilities.
Discourses of Language in Cultural and
Social Relevance

Medical discourse

This includes medical journals, patient communication,


and other forms of communication related to healthcare.
Medical discourse is important for advancing medical
knowledge and improving patient care.
Discourses of Language in Cultural and
Social Relevance

Business discourse
This includes communication related to business and
commerce, such as marketing, advertising, and financial
reporting. Business discourse is important for shaping
consumer behavior and economic activity.
Discourses of Language in Cultural and
Social Relevance

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