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Non Destructive Test

The document discusses various non-destructive testing methods for concrete, including penetration testing, rebound hammer testing, pull-out testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, and radioactive testing. It describes the equipment, procedures, limitations, and benefits of each method. The tests are used to evaluate properties of concrete structures without damaging them.

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PRATIBHA AGRAWAL
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156 views20 pages

Non Destructive Test

The document discusses various non-destructive testing methods for concrete, including penetration testing, rebound hammer testing, pull-out testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, and radioactive testing. It describes the equipment, procedures, limitations, and benefits of each method. The tests are used to evaluate properties of concrete structures without damaging them.

Uploaded by

PRATIBHA AGRAWAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Non-destructive test

 Non-destructive test (NDT) is an analysis techniques to evaluated the


properties of a material, component or system without causing damage.
 Methods of non-destructive testing of concrete
 1. Penetration method
 2. Rebound hammer method-Schmidt hammer
 3. Pull out test method
 4. Ultrasonic pulse velocity method
 5. Radioactive methods
Purpose of Non-destructive tests on
concrete
 Investigating and evaluating concrete structures
 Estimation of strength and other properties
 Monitoring and assessing corrosion
 Measuring crack size and cover
 Detecting defects and identifying relatively more vulnerable areas in concrete
structures
 Estimating the in-situ compressive strength
 Estimating the uniformity and homogeneity
 Monitoring changes in the structure of the concrete which may occur with
time
1. Penetration test method
 The Windsor probe is generally considered to be
the best means of testing penetration.
 Equipment's consists of powder-actuated gun,
steel probes, and measuring units.
 Probe, diameter 6.5mm and length of 8 cm, is
driven into concrete by means of powder
actuated gun.
Depth of penetration provides indication
of compressive strength.
Limitations and benefits
 Gives low accuracy results
 Hole is made, thus structure gets damage
 It has, however, the potential for providing a quick means
of checking quality of in-situ concrete.
2. Rebound hammer test method
 It is a type of surface hardness tester.
 Instrument based on the rebound principle for concrete
testing is called as Schmidt hammer. Schmidt hammer
weighs 1.8 kg and is suitable for booth laboratory and
field work
 It consists of a spring controlled
hammer mass that slides on a
plunger within a tubular housing.
 The hammer is forced against the
surface of the concrete by the
spring and the distance of rebound
is measured on a scale.
 The test surface can be horizontal,
vertical or at any angle but the
instrument must be calibrated in
this position.
 Calibration can be done with
cylinders (15 by 30cm) of the
 Rebound number =
Limitations and advantages

 The Schmidt hammer provides an inexpensive, simple and quick method


 The results are affected by factors such as smoothness of surface, size and
shape of specimen, moisture condition of concrete, type of cement, and
coarse aggregate.
3. Pull out test

 A pull out test measures, with a special


ram, the force required to pull from the
concrete a specially shaped steel rod
whose enlarged end has been cast into
the concrete to a depth of 7.6 cm.
 The pull out technique can thus
measure quantitatively the in-situ
strength of concrete when proper
correlations have been made.
Limitations and benefits

 Although pull out tests do not measure the interior strength of mass concrete,
they do give information on the maturity and development of strength of a
representative part of it.
 Their main limitation is that they have to be planned in advance and pull out
assemblies set must set into the formwork before the concrete is placed.
 The pull out of course, creates some minor damage.
4. Ultra sonic pulse velocity method

 Ultra sonic pulse velocity method is a dynamic testing method


 It measures the time of travel of an ultrasonic pulse passing through
the concrete.
 the instruments consists of pulse generator and a pulse receiver
 Pulses are generated by shock exciting piezo-electric crystals, with
similar crystals used in the receiver.
 The time taken for the pulse to Concrete Pulse velocity (ft/sec)
pass through the concrete is quality
measured by electronic measuring Excellent Above 15000
units.
Good 12000-15000
 Pulse velocity = distance/time
Questionable 110000-12000
 High pulse velocity readings are Poor 7000-10000
generally indicative of good quality Very poor Below 7000
concrete.
Limitations and benefits

 The pulse velocity method is an ideal tools for establishing whether concrete is
uniform.
 The pulse velocity method has been used to study the effects on concrete of freeze-
thaw action
 It can be used on both existing structures and those under construction.
 Generally, the degree of damage is related to a reduction in pulse velocity. Cracks
can also be detected.
 It can also be used to estimate the rate of hardening and strength development of
concrete in early stages to determine when to remove formwork
5. Radioactive method

 It is relatively new method


 Radioactive methods of testing
concrete can be used to detect the
location of reinforcement, measure
density.
 Gamma radiography is increasingly
accepted worldwide.
 The equipment is quite simple and
running costs are small, although
the initial price can be high.
 Concrete up to 45cm thick can be
examined without difficulty.

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