IML656 PLANNING AND

DESIGN OF
LIBRARIES AND
INFORMATION
CENTERS

Chapter 1 - Week 1
Introduction To The Planning Of Libraries And
Information Centers

Rationale

Types and function of

different libraries and
information centers

Characteristics of
planning libraries

Knowledge and skills

required of
information
professional in
planning

2
INTRODUCTION

Libraries today are facing the dual

challenge of accommodating rapidly
changing populations, and keeping
pace with information and
communication technology (ICT)

ICT is altering notions of library

space as well as communication
links.

3
CHANGE/TRANSFORMATION has a different reputation
according to the situation and reason. Transformation is
necessary .

To keep us
going

To continue
To stay relevant
growing

To be with a
sense of
purpose
 RATIONALE
1. Users seek tools, interfaces, 5. Provides a gateway to networks of
resources, and services that
efficiently and effectively meet specialist expertise
their needs
6. Must declutter and demystify the
2. Expect resources to be intuitive, network of personalized services
functional and transparent
offered
3. Expect our tools to be mobile-
friendly and effective for novel 7. Resources and as much of our
modes of inquiry
associated data as possible available
4. Expect service that is easy to
for purposes that users may define
access and available when and
where needed and design
8. Access should be transparent,
matched to their needs, and barriers
free

5
Roles of Information Service Meaning-
library and information
professionals provide their
communities with a range
• An essential element of that
community of unique services that put
information at the center of
• Providing enquiry service or a the community’s activities
lending service
• Provide electronic information
services
• Analyze and sift information and
• Identify and purchase publications compile publications that informs
for their clients their clients by keeping them in
• Create and manage websites and touch with developments in their
intranets community, or academic subject, or
areas of interest
• Provide regular information updates
or topics of interest • Record information so that it can be
retrieved
• Monitor websites and publication
for mentions of the organization or • Provide links to the information
community that they serve

6
 Answer & Information
solution availability at
for every Diversity of anytime
problem Accessibility to information anywhere
and medium of
asked information
communicatio
needed
n

Functional
Maximum Self - service and Enough training &
‘Personalised service availability motivation in
service.’
information
searching

7
Information Centers
~ How can Information Center help ?

• Create a pleasant environment for learning

• Contain relevant & accessible collection of materials
• Provide a range of information services
• Encourage people to use the information in the IC
• Help users gain access to info. From other resources

8
LIBRARIES

• Organized collections of documents, films, maps,

sound-recordings and other form of media, and are
designed to meet the informational, educational and
recreational needs of a given user population

• They include media centers, information,

documentation and referral centers, and educational
resource centers.

9
LIBRARIES
TYPES OF LIBRARIES BASIC AIMS OF LIBRARIES

• To provide information to users by

• National libraries obtaining, organizing, making
• Public libraries / state available and preserving print and
non-print materials required to meet
libraries user needs
• Academic libraries • Methods used by libraries to fulfill
these aims will depend on:
• Special libraries
• The type of library
• School libraries • User needs
• Types of material held
• Organizational constraints such
as, staff, finance, space, other
resources

10
 In most countries there is a national library
maintained by government fund, usually
bearing responsibility for publishing a national
bibliography and for maintaining a national
bibliographical information center. It is usually
the country’s legal deposit library.

NATIONAL National libraries strive principally to collect

LIBRARIE and preserve the nation’s literature, though

they try to be as international in the range of
their collection as possible.
S

E.g. ~ Library of congress, Perpustakaan Negara

Malaysia, British library, etc.

11
 Designed to serve the entire community and to provide
lending and reference services to a broad range of
professional and non-professional users.

Funded by state or territory to provide library services to

PUBLIC the whole state.

LIBRARIES/
STATE State libraries have developed services for their state
communities that complement and extend the role of the

LIBRARIES national library.

Services are available to individuals or to members of a

particular group. Users include adults, children, young
adults, the homebound, the institutionalized, the isolated,
ethnic groups, people with disabilities, local government,
clubs, societies and small business.
• Eg: Perpustakaan Raja Tun Uda, Perpustakan Sultan Ismail, Perbadanan
Perpustakaan Awam Melaka, etc.

12
Objectives of 1. Recreational -
reading, listening,
5. Advisory -
information about
State/Public viewing
community, local,
national, state and
Libraries: 2. Informational -
commonwealth
activities
helping people in 6. Referral - suggesting
their day-to-day the best resource of
information if the
living library cannot supply
3. Vocational - a 7. Services - loans,
source of interlibrary loan,
information for reference, internet
access, community
vocational and information, literacy
continuing support, book
education mobiles, club for
4. Educational - a various user, local
source of material history etc.
for people’s life-long
education

13
 Serve students and faculty in community
colleges, undergraduate college or
university

The collections and services of these

ACADEMIC libraries are designed to match the
needs of their users.
LIBRARIES
Needs that range from basic support of
the curriculum to the advanced research
requirements of doctoral students and
faculty at major research universities.
• Eg: Perpustakaan Tun Abdul Razak, Perpustakaan
Sultanah Zanariah, Perpustakaan Tun Seri Lanang

14
 Collections cover a wide variety of subjects based on the curricula,
and libraries need to adapt to new developments in curriculum.

Many Universities emphasize research, but there are also requirement

to provide basic texts over many subject areas.

Collections of Users have different needs. Undergraduates need standard texts,

Academic audiovisual material and material for short loan, postgraduates and
academic staffs need advanced material, periodical literature and
even primary material for research and teaching

libraries
Academic libraries have strong book and non-book collections

Academic libraries increasingly rely on electronic services to satisfy

information needs.

15
SPECIAL • The scope and use of
special library collections
• Serves the needs of
a portion of the
vary widely.
LIBRARIE • specializes in a limited
community requiring
detailed information
S subject area. It is usually
maintained by a
in a limited subject
corporation, association or field. Users often
government agency. require up-to-date
information promptly.
• Is attached to a society,
institutions, association,
government department, • Special libraries exist
public utility or commercial in all area of private,
organizations, of which the government and
subject field is determined community
by the interests of the body enterprise. These
maintaining it
libraries are also
known as corporate
libraries.

16
SPECIAL
• The user are staff of the Objectives of Special
organization which controls Libraries
the library, and their special
LIBRARIE needs include :-
• Detailed information
1. To provide
S from a specific subject
field
information in
support of the
• Up-to-date information objectives of their
provided promptly parent body
• Usually information
rather than a particular 2. To save time and
book or periodical. effort on the part of
the staff of the
• Special libraries usually have organization who
a limited number of users need exact
with specified aim. information for their
work. Often this
• Eg: SIRIM Library, RISDA information is very
Library, PETRONAS Library, detailed and is
ASTRO Library, etc. required urgently.

17
 SCHOOL LIBRARIES
• Designed to serve the needs of Objectives of Schools Libraries
secondary and elementary school
students, to some degree, their
• Serve the curricular needs and
teachers. provide the resources to staff,
students and parents
• Their collection were designed to
supplement the basic curriculum, and • Provide direction in the development
also the direction in the development and teaching of courses
and teaching of courses.
• Direct students towards correct library
• User groups include students, teachers use and encourage reading
and parents.
Eg: Perpustakaan Sekolah Kebangsaan Raja
Muda, Perpustakaan Sekolah Menengah Derma,
Perpustakaan Sekolah Kebangsaan Putra, etc.

18
LIBRARY STAFFING
Paraprofessional
Traditionally, library staffs are described by • The library technician/officer/assistant
dividing them into four has a qualification recognized as
categories :- paraprofessional by the relevant library
association, or performs work at a
Professional paraprofessional level.

• A paraprofessional supports the library’s

• The librarian has library
professional staff and is involved with the
qualifications ( usually a three-year operation, maintenance and control of
degree, or a graduate diploma) is established systems.
recognized as a professional by the
relevant library association and/or Clerical
performs work at a professional • People in this position are usually
level. directed to tasks by the professionals or
paraprofessionals supervising them. They
• A professional selects, organizes, are often trained on the job and would
manages and disseminates material, need some library training to perform
often in a managerial or supervisory higher-level duties.
role and is concerned with the
development and overall
management of the library. 19
LIBRARY
STAFFING
•Support

• Large libraries often employ non-library-

trained staff to work in support of the
administrative section. These staff
include experts in information
technology, administrative staff in
personnel section, and security, cleaning
and maintenance staff.

• Staff duties depend on :-

• The type of library

• The size of library
• The number of staff
• The personalities of staff members
• Changing workflows due to
automation
• Whether work rotation is
encouraged.

20
 Creating a Library Planning
ASSESSMENT
• Article Review 10% Remember to……
• Assignment 1 10%
• Assignment 2 10%
• Presentation Project15%
• Report Project 25%
RACE
• Test Research 30%

Analysis & Planning

Communication = RESULTS
Evaluation

21
 LIBRARY DIRECTION
• There are three elements include in
the Direction statement:

1. The strategic intent: the overall model

your library desires to achieve
2. The vision: a narrative that describes Completing A thorough
your library of the future when it is fully environment scan and
operational including its goals and Analysis allows to define the
future direction for
measures, technology and operations,
Your library with confidence
customer base and customer
interactions, services provided and
values and culture
3. The mission: the primary charge and
purpose of the library

22
STRATEGIC INTENT
“A readily grasped declaration of
the course that the management
of a business plans on taking
Strategic intent is the overall
the company in over some your library desires to
future time frame. The strategic achieve.
intent of a business needs to be
easily understood by every
member of the firm so that
all staff can be working toward
a consistent overall goal.” Can Provide A Sense Of Direction,
Can Provide A Sense Of Discovery 
Can Provide A Sense Of Destiny
(BusinessDictionary.com)

23
LIBRARY VISION vs LIBRARY
MISSION
• A vision statement describes the desired future
of the library at a selected point in time.
• A mission statement describes
the purpose of your library and
• Vision statement are often written for 3, 5 and
10 years into the future. your library’s leadership team.
•
• Some organizations create 20 years vision to
signal the frame-breaking change that is likely • A mission statement serves as
to take significant time to develop.
‘grounding’ tool that simplifies
• The library decision makers and key influencers the task that lies ahead.
will play a primary role in setting the vision,
using accurate customer needs and wants
information to guide them. • It is not a description of the
• The important decisions that are made will future; rather, it is a statement
guide plans and activities. These decisions lie at
the heart of all future activity. of the job to be done.

24
LIBRARY STRATEGY

• Once the library direction has been created, it is time for creating actions plans to implement the
strategic intent, vision and mission. The first level of actions plan is called library strategy.

• Strategy is defined as the major activities that must take place for the current reality to evolve into
desired vision.

• After the major activities are identified, more detailed plans can be created that clarify the tasks
that various groups and individuals must perform.

• Strategies and the more detailed plans coordinate the efforts of all the staff and make sure the
library direction is achieved
•

25
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
OF IPs IN PLANNING

•Refer to:
•Special Libraries Association. (2015).
•Competences for information professionals of the 21st century.

•Retrieved from https://www.sla.org/about-sla/competencies/

26
Thank you
Anis Malik

27