INITIAL SURVEYS

& INVESTIGATION
IN METRO SYSTEM
ENGINEERING

PRESENTED BY GROUP 1
G RO UP ME MB E RS
SOHAM MUKHOPADHYAY

ABHIRUP CHAKRABORTY

BALARAM DAS

SAYERA BANU

MURTAJ RANA
 OUR MAIN TOPICS TODAY
• NEED FOR INITIAL SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION

• MAP STUDY OR PROVISIONAL ALIGNMENTS AND IDENTIFICATION

• RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY

• PRELIMINARY SURVEY

• FINAL LOCATION AND DETAILED SURVEYS.

 SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION
• Transportation planning

• Traffic analysis

• Metro as a primary unit of analysis in a travel or not.

• External zones and internal zones.

 N EED OF TH E IN V ESTIG ATIO N
• To appreciate the physical characteristics of the identified transportation network in terms o right of way, surface

quality, surface type,etc.

• To identify physical constraints and bottlenecks on existing networks.

• To access the capacity potential of the metro rail transport.

• To analyse the economic impact.

• To look into the social impact.

 IF THERE IS ANY ENVIROMENTAL
IMPACT
• More of material consumption for Under ground metro.

• Viaducts consume more power.

• Trees are cut in hundreds and thousands for viaducts.

• Effect on the social cost due to traffics.

IF THERE IS ANY E CONOMIC IMPACT
• Popularity of elevated metro.
• Cost of land acquisition.
• Cost of relocating of surface.
• Cost of underground utilities or power, gas, sewer lines etc.
• Cost of land lost.
NOW THAT WAS FOR WHAT WAS THE
NE ED OF THE METRO SYSTEM
 MAP STUDY
• What is map study?

• Why we need it?

 RECONNAISSANCE SURVE Y
• What is reconnaissance survey?
• This term should apply to all rough and rapid investigations of an area with a view to determine the
technical feasibility and approximate cost of one or more routes for a projected Railway line from a
general examination with the help of contoured Survey of India maps and other available material
without a more careful investigation of the field and with the use of only those instruments that will
rapidly give approximate distances and heights such as prismatic compass, clinometer and similar
instruments.
• Where suitable aerial Photographs are available, field investigations by instruments can be
considerably avoided/dispensed with by Stereoscopic studies of the Photographs and site inspections
as may be required
 PRELIMINARY SURVEY
•(a) This consists of a detailed instrumental examination of the rout / or routes selected as a result of "Reconnaissance" in order to
obtain a close estimate of the probable cost of the projected line, under this survey. However, staking out of the alignment with a
theodolite is not required. Whether a line is to be built or not will usually be decided on the result of the survey considered in
conjunction with Traffic survey. The Railway Board may, however, require the submission of an estimate based on Final Location
Survey before sanctioning the commencement of construction.
•(b) Whether suitable aerial photographs are available, detailed instrumental examinations of the route/ routes selected as a result of
"Reconnaissance Survey" could be considerably avoided dispensed with by using photogrammetric methods which involve plotting
of contoured strip maps.
 FINAL LOCATION AND DETAILED
SURVEY
A Final Location Survey will generally be a post investment decision investigation to prepare working details and to make
accurate costing in certain cases. The principal differences between the work required in a Final Location Survey and that in a
Preliminary Survey is that the alignment finally selected during a survey should be fully staked on the ground with a theodolite
and/or Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments, the report should be fuller and detailed plans and sections should be
submitted.
 Scope of Survey Operations
(A) As a general rule the work necessary under Preliminary or a final location survey will be :
•(1) Staking out of the centre line;
•(2) Levelling alongwith the centre line, with transverse levels where necessary and cross sections of important rivers;
•(3) Plane Table Survey of a Strip of country 100 metres on each side of the centre line;
•(4) Plane Table Survey of rivers requiring a provision of a water way of 110 sq mts. or upwards;
•(5) Plane Table Survey of Station sites.
(B) Where suitable aerial photograph are available for carrying out Preliminary Engineering Survey by Photogrammetric
Technique, the following works will suffice :
•(i) Provision of Centre line pillars at approaches of important bridge/portals of tunnels, and at important road crossing and
station sites.
•(ii) Preparation of plan for minimum 100 mts on each side of the proposed centre line. The plan shall also show inter-alia,
identifiable points with their description to enable centre line being picked up;
•(iii) Longitudinal Section along the Centre Line.
•(iv) Strip plans of rivers requiring a provision of water way of 110 sq. mts. or upwards with cross sections.
•(v) Strip Survey of Station sites obtained from Photogramatic plotted survey plans.
 ALIGNMENT
• POSITION OF CURVES

• DEGREE OF CURVATURE

• TRANSITION CURVES

• GRADIENTS

• VERTICAL CURVES

• ALTERNATIVE ALIGNMENTS

• PLANE TABLE SURVEY

 STATION SITES
• POSITION

• JOINING UP IMPORTANT PLACES BY STRAIGHT LINES

• SHOULD NOT BENEAR CURVES.

 JUNCTION ARRANGEMENTS
• CONSULTATION OF THE ADMINISTRATION

• JOIN 2KM FROM THE CENTER OF THE JUNCTION

 SURVEY FOR PROVITION OF
ADDITIONAL LINES
The projected line should be laid parallel to the existing line as far as possible on the right hand side or on
the left hand side, depending on
•Location of telephone and telegraph wires.
•Location of existing station buildings and other goods facilities;
•Construction of new bridges with least interference to traffic on the existing line as far as possible;
•In sections where there are pronounced directional movements of empty and loaded traffic, the
possibilities of running heavier train loads with multi-engine operations and its effect on the existing
bridge structures should be taken into account.
 While determining the
alignment for the additional
lines, the following points have
to be considered
•Existing bridges should be extended wherever possible with tracks to the same track centres over the
bridge portion as on approaches thereby avoiding reverse curves.
•Adequate vertical clearance for bridges  contained in “IRS Code of Practice for the Design of Sub-Structures and
Foundations of Bridges" should be followed, irrespective of whether specified free-board is available or not under
the existing bridges. On sections where the raising of track to obtain the required routes and main clearance is
impracticable or is otherwise prohibitive in cost, Railway Board's prior approval is required to be obtained for
waiving the clearance requirements.
(Authority: Railway Board letter No.2011/CE-I/BR/BSC/81/Seminar/Pt.2 dated 01.05.2014)--acs no.48 
•The degree of curvature to be adopted on the new line should suit the projected speed corresponding to
the category of line. At locations where the new alignment is being located on the outside of existing
curves which are sharper than the limiting degree of curvature compatible with the projected speed of the
line, the new line has to be located further away to avoid infringements, which will involve additional cost
unless the existing curves are also realigned before the construction of new line.
Gauge Conversion Surveys
 Railway Electrification Survey
Similar to that mentioned in Paras 202 to 204 Railway Electrification surveys may also be classified in two
categories -
•(a) Cost-cum-feasibility survey as a preinvestment investigation to assist decision making and
•(b) Foot-by-foot detailed survey as a post investment decision survey to assist preparation of working
designs and drawings for actual construction work.
  Formation
• STANDARD WIDTH OF FORMATION OF BANKS FOR PROPOSED GAUGE.
 Re-alignments of Curves
• SPEED PERMISSION ACCORDING TO GAUGES
 Field Books
• What is it?
 Notes to be made in the field
• Facilities for Construction

• Formation

• Bridgework

• River requirements

• Stations

• Road crossing

• Fencing
 FACIL ITIES FOR CONSTRUCTION
• SOIL NATURE

• STABILITY
 BRIDGE WORK
• PROTECTION WORK AND PRECAUSIONS

• PARTICULARS TO BE TAKEN CARE.

 River requirements
• Waterway of 110 sq. m. (1,200 square feet) or upwards, information should, as far as practicable,

be obtained.

• Average rainfall data.

 Stations
• Nature and extent of traffic.
• Nature of soil selects the site.
 Roa d c rossing a nd Fenc ing
• Means of crossing the line by level crossings and bridges.

• Gradients to be allowed on approaches.

............THANK YOU!... .........