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Data Analysis

This document provides an overview of quantitative data analysis techniques. It discusses creating data sets and different types of statistics including parametric, non-parametric, univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Specific statistical tests covered include descriptive tests, measures of dispersion, analysis of variance, multiple regression, logistic regression, Kolmogorov-Sminrov, Kruskal-Wallis, Cramel coefficient, and Spearman and Kendall tests. The document explains how these various statistical analyses and tests can be used to reveal patterns in data and make inferences.

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Dinh Thi Hong Nhung
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19 views22 pages

Data Analysis

This document provides an overview of quantitative data analysis techniques. It discusses creating data sets and different types of statistics including parametric, non-parametric, univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Specific statistical tests covered include descriptive tests, measures of dispersion, analysis of variance, multiple regression, logistic regression, Kolmogorov-Sminrov, Kruskal-Wallis, Cramel coefficient, and Spearman and Kendall tests. The document explains how these various statistical analyses and tests can be used to reveal patterns in data and make inferences.

Uploaded by

Dinh Thi Hong Nhung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 9

QUANTITATIVE
DATA ANALYSIS
Content of this template
1. CREATING A DATA SET
2. PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
3. STATISCAL TEST (PARAMETRIC)
4. MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
5. STATISTICAL TESTS (NON-PARAMETRIC)
6. WHERE TO FIND OUT MORE
1. CREATING A DATA SET
A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data. In the
case of tabular data, a data set corresponds to one or
more database tables, where every column of a table
represents a particular variable, and each row
 corresponds to a given record of the data set in
question. The data set lists values for each of the
variables, such as for example height and weight of an
object, for each member of the data set. Data sets can
also consist of a collection of documents or files.
CREATING A DATA SET
PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
A parameter of a population is a constant feature that it
shares with other populations.
STATISTICAL TESTS
(PARAMETRIC)
Descriptive tests will reveal the “shape”
of the data in the sense of
how the values of a variable
are distributed.
Inferential tests will suggest results
form a sample in relation to a
population.
Univariate analysis – analyses the qualities of one
variable at a time. Only descriptive tests can be
used in this type of analysis.
Bivariate analysis – considers the properties of
two variables in relation to each other. Inferences
can be drawn from this type of analysis

Multivariate analysis – looks at the relationships


between more than two variables. Again, inferences
can be drawn from results.
UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS
A range of properties of one variable can
be examined using the following
measures
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Usually presented as a table, frequency
distribution simply shows the values for each
variable expressed as a number and as a
percent-age of the total of cases
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Statistical significance refers to the claim that a


result from data generated by testing or
experimentation is not likely to occur randomly
or by chance but is instead likely to be
attributable to a specific cause.
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

The results of the various statistical tests are expressed as numbers which
indicate the characteristic and strenght of the associations
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

ELABORATION ANALYSIS

This tests the effect of a third variable in the relationship


between two variables

The process of producing tables can be continued with


fourth and fifth variables

The using regression techniques: multiple regression and


logistic regression
MULTIPLE REGRESSION

Multiple regression is a statistical technique that can be used to


analyse the relationship between a single dependent variable and
several independent variables. 

The complicated mathematical calculations required for this analysis


are done automatically thanks to computer programs
LOGISTIC REGRESSION

This method is a development of multiple regression with added advantages


of holding certain variables constant in order to assess the independent
influence of key variables of interests

It is suitable for assessing the influence of independent variables on


dependent variables mesured in nominal scale

The statistic resulting is an odds ratio


STATISTICAL TESTS
(NON-PARAMETRIC)

Non-parametric statistical tests are used when

The sample size is very small

Few assumptions can be made out the data

Data are rank ordered or nominal

Samples are taken from several different populations


Some tests to encounter

Kolmogorov-Sminrov

Kruskal-Wallis

Cramel coefficient

Spearman and Kendall


THANKS FOR
LISTENING

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