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Chapter 4 - Operating Systems

The document discusses operating systems and what they do, including managing basic computer functions, running applications, memory management, security, and error handling. It also explains how operating systems work like a factory manager to keep the system running smoothly and allow other programs and users to function. Common operating systems mentioned include Windows, Mac, Android, Linux, and Ubuntu.

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IT Dept GMIS
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39 views89 pages

Chapter 4 - Operating Systems

The document discusses operating systems and what they do, including managing basic computer functions, running applications, memory management, security, and error handling. It also explains how operating systems work like a factory manager to keep the system running smoothly and allow other programs and users to function. Common operating systems mentioned include Windows, Mac, Android, Linux, and Ubuntu.

Uploaded by

IT Dept GMIS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Windows

MAC
Android
Linux
Ubuntu
So, what are all of these
called?
Operatin
g System
The Operating System (OS)
is essentially software
running in the background
By of a computer system.
Definition…
….
It manages many of the
basic functions…..
An operating system is a bit like the manager of a factory
- the manager’s job is to keep the factory running
smoothly, to make sure all the sections of the factory
work together, to check that deliveries arrive on time, etc.

But, for the factory to actually make anything, other


people (the workers) are required - the manager cannot
make anything him/herself.
Useless lump of metal and plastic
It works….
Useful….
So what happens when the Computer
starts…
POST and BIOS, Operating system is
loaded into the main memory from
ROM
Let’s Look at What an OS does….
Human Computer Interface
Multitasking
Multiprogrammi
ng
Batch Processing
Error Handling
Processor
Management
The memory cannot be
managed without
operating system. Different
programs and data execute
Memory in memory at one time. if
Management there is no operating
system, the programs may
mix with each other. The
system will not work
properly.
Real-time data
processing is the
Real Time execution of data in a
Processing short time period,
providing near-
instantaneous output. 
Data is an important
part of computer
system. The operating
Security system protects the data
stored on the computer
from illegal use,
modification or deletion.
Loading and running of
applications/software.

Other Basic Management of user


Functions accounts

File Management(e.g.
copy, save, delete, paste)
Error Handling
Research Questions
• Do these devices have an operating system? If
yes, which one?
• How do these devices work?
• How do these devices connect with a
smartphone?
Temporarily stop doing what you’re doing
A. Intersect
B. Interrupt
C. Interject
D. Intermediate
In Computer Science terminology…
Interrupt is a signal from hardware or software
which has highest priority and the
processor/Central processing unit/CPU should
process its signal immediately.
Common Examples….
• Pressing keys on the keyboard…
• An error, such as paper jam in the printer…
• A software error…
What happens when you are ….
Downloading a file from the internet at the same
time as listening to some music…

Interrupt Handler/Interrupt Service Routine – CPU


processes the interrupt signals

Library Routines – Already written piece of code


A temporary memory area in computer
• Memory Unit
• Control Unit
• Buffer
• Motherboard
Why do we need buffers?
• These are essential in modern computers since
hardware devices(printer) operate at much lower
speeds than the processor.
• 1000 paged document is sent to the printer buffer and
the CPU can do other things or respond to other
interrupts.
3D printed vase
takes about 5 hours
to print

Buffer – is going to
store the design of the
vase and the printing
instructions
There are a lot of components at work
inside a computer. Let us learn how do
these work in conjunction with each
other.
Architecture
Computer Science describing how hardware
Architectur and software technologies interact
e to create a platform or system.
Name: Von Nuemann

Mathematician and Physicist

In 1945, he developed the idea


of a stored program computer
Address Bus : Carries the
address of the data(but not
the data) between the
processor and the memory.

Data Bus: Carries data between


the processor, the memory unit
and the input/output devices.

Control Bus: Carries


signals/commands from the
CPU.
Memory Unit

MAR 11110001
MDR 01011011
PC
CIR

Control Bus
YNBRIA
Binary
It’s a number system which represents all data into 0s and 1s.
YGAGIEBT
Gigabyte
• It’s a unit of memory representation.
• 1 GB = 1024 Megabyte
RTENNITE
Internet
• It’s a network of interconnected computers spread around the world.
GESRITER
Register
• High speed memory area inside the computer system.
ADNREY
Denary
• Number system which represents data in the multiples of 10.
PRHEYTTXE
Hypertext
• The text which is linked to another web page.
AEIEAMHCXLD
Hexadecimal
• Number system which represents data in the powers of 16.
LTOPROOC
Protocol
• A set of rules to be followed while sending or receiving data over the
internet.
RRTIUPNET
Interrupt
• A signal being sent to the processor by hardware or software to stop
the current process temporarily.
ERUFBF
Buffer
• A buffer is used as a temporary memory area.
LXESPMI
Simplex
• Simplex data transmission; in one direction only.
PLLRAALE
Parallel
• Parallel data transmission; data travels on multiple wires at short
distances.
ROHACNSNSYOU
Asynchronous
• Data is sent in agreed bit patterns with start bit and stop bit.
PITARY
Parity
• Parity check is an error detection method where the data is sent with
one extra bit known as the parity bit. A parity could be even or odd.
GILOC
Logic
• Logic Gate – which determines the flow of electrical signals inside the
computer.

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