INTERNATIONAL

MONETARY
FUND

GROUP 1
50013,50021,50028,50029,
50030,50035,50044
IN THE PRESENTATION

Understanding of IMF
Key IMF Activities
​IMF Functions
Objectives of IMF
​IMF Conditionality
SDR
Governance Structure
IMF 3

UNDERSTANDING OF IMF
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 186
countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure
financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high
employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty
around the world.
• The IMF works to foster global growth and economic stability. It
provides policy advice and financing to members in economic
difficulties and also works with developing nations to help them
achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty.
• With its global membership of 186 countries, the IMF is uniquely
placed to help member governments take advantage of the
opportunities-and manage the challenges-posed by globalization.
• The IMF provides policy advice and financing to members in
economic difficulties and also works with developing nations to
help them achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty.
IMF 4

KEY IMF ACTIVITIES

The IMF supports its membership by providing:
• policy advice to governments and central banks based on
analysis of economic trends and cross-country experiences;

• research, statistics, forecasts, and analysis based on tracking of

global, regional, and individual economies and markets;

• loans to help countries overcome economic difficulties;

concessional loans to help fight poverty in developing
countries; and

• technical assistance and training to help countries improve the

management of their economies.
IMF 5

IMF FUNCTIONS
The IMF's main goal is to ensure the stability of the international monetary
and financial system. It helps resolve crises, and works with its member
countries to promote growth and alleviate poverty.
• Economic and Financial Surveillance: The IMF promotes economic
stability and global growth by encouraging countries to adopt sound
economic and financial policies. To do this, it regularly monitors global,
regional, and national economic developments.
• Technical Assistance and Training: IMF offers technical assistance and
training to help member countries strengthen their capacity to design and
implement effective policies. Technical assistance is offered in several areas,
including fiscal policy, monetary and exchange rate policies, banking and
financial system supervision and regulation, and statistics.
• IMF Lending: In the event that member countries experience difficulties
financing their balance of payments, the IMF is also a fund that can be
tapped to facilitate recovery.
• Research and Data: Supporting all three of these activities is the IMF's
economic and financial research and statistics.
IMF 6

OBJECTIVES OF IMF

i. To promote international monetary cooperation

ii. To facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of International

Trade

iii. To promote exchange rate stability

iv. To make its resources available to its members who are

experiencing BOP problems

v. To establish a multilateral system of payments

IMF 7

IMF CONDITIONALITY

• IMF lends to its member countries, ensuring that, members

are
pursuing policies that will improve external
payment problems.

• Commitment to implement corrective measures.

• To repay in a timely manner.

IMF 8

SPECIAL DRAWING
RIGHTS (SDR)
• SDR is an international reserve asset.

• Supplements members' existing reserve assets - gold,

forex.

• Unit of account for IMF operations and transactions.

• Value of SDR is based on basket of major currencies used

in IB.

• Weights assigned show relative importance.

IMF 9

GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE
The Board of Governors is the highest decision-making body of the IMF.
It consists of one governor and one alternate governor for each member
country. The governor is appointed by the member country and is usually
the minister of finance or the head of the central bank.

While the Board of Governors has delegated most of its powers to the
IMF's Executive Board, it retains the right to approve quota increases,

special drawing right (SDR) allocations, the admittance of new members,

compulsory withdrawal of members, and amendments to the Articles of
Agreement and By-Laws. It also elects or appoints executive directors

The Boards of Governors of the IMF and the World Bank Group normally
meet once a year
WTO 10
 IN THE
PRESENTATION
Understanding of WTO
Functions of WTO
Principles of WTO
Role of WTO
Relevance of WTO
The Agreements
Recent Issues
 UNDERSTANDING OF WTO

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

Intergovernmental organization which regulates the international trade
• Officially commenced on 1st Jan 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement
• Signed by 123 nations in 1994
• WTO had replaced GATT (General agreement on tariffs and trade)
• They deal with: agriculture, textiles and clothing, banking,
telecommunications, government purchases, industrial standards and
product safety, food sanitation regulations, intellectual property and
much more.
 WHY WTO?
 To arrange the implementation, administration and operations of trade
agreements
 Settlement of disputes
 Trade relations in issues deal with under the agreements.
 To provide a framework for implementing of the results arising out of
the deliberations which taken place at ministerial conference level.
 To manage effectively and efficiency the trade policy review
mechanism (TRIM).
 To create more together relationship with all nations in respect of
global economic.
 14

FUNCTIONS OF WTO
 Administering WTO trade agreements
 Forum for trade negotiations
 Handling trade disputes
 Monitoring national trade policies
 Technical assistance and training for developing
countries
 Cooperation with other international organizations
WTO 15

PRINCIPLES OF WTO
The basic principles of the WTO (according to the WTO):
 Trade Without Discrimination
1. Most Favored Nation (MFN): treating other people equally
2. National treatment: Treating foreigners and locals equally
 Freer trade: gradually, through negotiation
 Predictability: through binding and transparency
 Promoting fair competition
 Encouraging development and economic reform.
 16

ROLE OF WTO
 The main goal of WTO is to help the trading industry to become smooth, fair,
free and predictable. It was organized to become the administrator of
multilateral trade and business agreements between its member nations. It
supports all occurring negotiations for latest agreements for trade. WTO also
tries to resolve trade disputes between member nations.
 Multi-lateral agreements are always made between several countries in the
past. Because of this, such agreements become very difficult to negotiate but
are so powerful and influential once all the parties agree and sign the multi-
lateral agreement. WTO acts as the administrator. If there are unfair trade
practices or dumping and there is complaint filed, the staff of WTO are
expected to investigate and check if there are violations based on the multi-
lateral agreements.
 17

THE RELEVANCE OF WTO

 The system helps promote peace.
 The system allows disputes to be handled constructively.
 A system based on rules rather than power makes life easier for all.
 Freer trade cuts the cost of living.
 It gives consumers more choice and a broader range of qualities to choose from.
 Trade raises incomes.
 Trade stimulates economic growth and that can be good news for employment.
 The basic principles make the system economically more efficient, and they cut
costs.
 THE AGREEMENTS
 The WTO is "rules-based; its rules are negotiated agreements
 Overview: a navigational guide
 Plurilateral agreement
 Further changes on the horizon, the Deba Agenda
 Some of the agreements of WTO.
-Tariffs: more bindings and closer to zero
-The Agriculture Agreement: new rules and commitments
-Textiles: back in the mainstream
-Intellectual property: protection and enforcement
 RECENT ISSUES
 Twenty-four participants from around the world are attending a two-
month Advanced Trade Policy Course (ATPC) from 18 January to 11
March 2016
 Lamy calls for addressing macro-economic imbalances through
cooperation
 Transparency mechanism for preferential trade arrangements set for
approval
 Market access for LDCs (Least Developing Countries)
 Trade agreements between developing countries
 Trade policy reviews: ensuring transparency
 TRIPS Agreement aimed at facilitating access to essential medicines in
poor countries.
UNITED NATIONS
IN THE PRESENTATION
Understanding of UN
Purposes of UN
Bodies of UN
Agencies of UN
Assurance of Peace
Functions of UN
Rights of UN
Development on international LAW
UN 22

UNDERSTANDING OF UN

The UN is an international organization that aims to promote

peace and understanding between nations.

 The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace

the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to
provide a platform for dialogue. It contains multiple
subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions.
UN 23

PURPOSES OF UN

1) Maintain international peace and security

2) Developed friendly relations among nations.
3) Cooperate in solving international, economic, social, cultural
and humanitarian problems.
4) and to be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.
UN 24

BODIES OF UN

The organization is divided into administrative bodies,

including the
1) General Assembly,
2) Security Council,
3) Economic and Social Council.
4) International Court of Justice
5) Trusteeship council
6) Secretariat
UN 25

GENERAL
ASSEMBLY
 The General Assembly has representatives in it from all of
the member countries.
 They discuss issues and draft resolutions (documents
suggesting actions for the UN and participating countries to
take).
 The General Assembly also includes various councils, panels,
and working groups that focus on current world issues.
 UN 26

SECURITY COUNCIL

The Security Council votes on resolutions created by the General

Assembly and decides whether or not to put an action/resolution into
place.
Each member of the Security Council gets one vote.
 Five permanent members: US, Britain, France, Russia, and
China. If any of these members vote against a measure it is
vetoed.
 Ten non-permanent members: Azerbaijan, Argentina, Australia,
Guatemala, Republic of Korea, Morocco, Togo, Pakistan,
Rwanda and Luxembourg.
 Non-permanent members are selected from the General Assembly
and serve a 2-year term on the Security Council.
UN 27

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL

COUNCIL (ECOSOC)

 This group focuses on issues that impact the world and

various countries economically and socially (this can be
anything from drug trafficking, to rain forest destruction).
 There are many specialized committees within this council.
 Each member of this council has one vote, a simple majority
is needed to pass a resolution.
UN 28

INTERNATIONAL
COURT OF JUSTICE
 The court is located in the Netherlands and has 15 justices.
Its purpose is to settle disputes between nations. It also
advises UN committees regarding international law.
 The court can only reside over states that are willing to
participate in the legal proceedings.
Presentation title 29

TRUSTEESHIP CONSOLE

 one of the principal organs of the United Nations, was

established to help ensure that trust territories were
administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of
international peace and security
UN 30

SECRETARIAT

 The UN Secretariat is headed by the Secretary- General,

assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide. It
provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United
Nations bodies for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as
directed by the Security Council, the General Assembly, the
Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies.
UN 31

VARIOUS AGENCIES OF
UN
 World Health Organization (WHO),United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF)
 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
 International Labor Organization (ILO)
 World Bank Group (WB)
 International Monetary Fund (IMF)
 World Trade Organization (WTO)
UN 32

WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION

a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN), with

headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO was established in
1948. The services of the agency may be either advisory or
technical. Advisory services include aid in training medical
personnel and in giving knowledge of various diseases.
UN 33

UNITED NATION
CHILDREN'S FUNDS

agency of UN devoted to the welfare of children. The

organization was established in 1946 to help children in post-
World War 2 European and China. UNICEF currently focuses
on establishing programs that give long-term benefits to
children everywhere.
 UN 34

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

(UNESCO) Its purpose is to contribute to peace and security by
promoting international collaboration through education, science, and
culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law,
and human rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the
UN Charter.
International Labor Organization (ILO) improve working conditions
and employment agencies.
World Bank (w b) It is the largest and most famous development bank
in the world and is an observer at the United Nations Development
Group. The bank's mission is to reduce poverty
International Monetary Fund (IMF) The IMF works to foster global
growth and economic stability. It provides policy advice and financing
to members in economic difficulties and also works with developing
nations to help them achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce
poverty.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international
organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations
UN 35

ASSURANCE OF PEACE

 After two devastating world wars, the assurance of peace

and international security form the central tasks of the world
organization, whereby the endeavor is to learn lessons from
the failed attempt to set up a collective security system under
the League of Nations in the period between the wars
UN 36

PROTECTION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS

 The genocide and the crime against humanity of the Hitler

regime in particular, form the background for the second
major field of tasks for the United Nations: the protection of
human rights and the continued development of public
international law.
UN 37

ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

 Economic and social development makes up the third major

field of tasks for the United Nations. Peace, in the sense of
the negative peace, is not just understood as an absence of
war, but, in the sense of positive peace, also encompasses
questions of worldwide development and justice
UN 38

ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION

 In the face of global problems such as the greenhouse effect

and the ozone hole, environmental protection has been added
to this as an additional field of tasks in recent times.
UN 39

IT GUARANTEES SIX
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

1) Right to equality
2) Right to freedom.
3) Right against exploitation
4) Right to freedom of religion
5) Cultural and educational rights
6) Right to constitutional remedies
UN 40

DEVELOPMENT ON
INTERNATIONAL LAW

 The International Law Commission: established by the

General Assembly in 1947, is the primary institution
responsible for these activities.
 Promoting the codification of international law.
 Solving problems within both public and private
international law.
THANK YOU