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Planning and Scheduling of Projects

Planning and scheduling of projects is essential. Effective planning requires systematic analysis, knowledge of quantitative techniques, and creative thinking. Planning defines objectives, organizes activities, allocates resources, and handles changes. Project schedules indicate start and end dates for engineering, drafting, procurement, and construction to assure completion on time. Careful scheduling allows efficient use of personnel and resources. The schedule is developed based on design, procurement, and construction sequences to coordinate work.

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Harisankar A R ch23m010
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31 views21 pages

Planning and Scheduling of Projects

Planning and scheduling of projects is essential. Effective planning requires systematic analysis, knowledge of quantitative techniques, and creative thinking. Planning defines objectives, organizes activities, allocates resources, and handles changes. Project schedules indicate start and end dates for engineering, drafting, procurement, and construction to assure completion on time. Careful scheduling allows efficient use of personnel and resources. The schedule is developed based on design, procurement, and construction sequences to coordinate work.

Uploaded by

Harisankar A R ch23m010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PLANNING AND

SCHEDULING OF
PROJECTS
BY
AKASH K BIJU
KKE18CH006
PLANNING OF PROJECTS
PLANNING
● Planning means making the decision in advance and if the planning is
not done properly, there will be crisis after crisis.

● Planning is an essential part of managing a project and is a means


of :
- Organizing
- Deciding
- Determining the resource required.
- Allocating the resources
- Allocating and defining responsibility
- Estimating time to completion
- Handling unexpected events and changes
- Effective planning
- PERT and CPM are used as the planning techniques.
- PERT :It is appropriate technique which is used for the projects
where the time required or needed to complete different activities are
not known.

- CPM: It is a technique which is used for the projects where the time
needed for completion of project is already known.
Planning requires
● Systematic analysis: The ability to look ahead and understanding
of all activities that go into a project and their inter relationship.
● Knowledge of the ability to use modern quantitative and
computer based techniques of planning.
● Imagination, creative thinking

Effective planning is difficult to carry out and puts much more


emphasis on a managers conceptual skills, than the normal day to
day managerial activities.
Development of project plan objectives

● Define the scope of the plan before drawing a detailed plan.


● Clear understanding of the plan objectives is the requirement of the
plans success.
● Statement of plan objectives in an orderly and systematic manner can
be developed by asking seven questions.
● The seven question to be asked are what, why, how, where, when, how
much, who.
● One must ensure that the objectives are achievable, measurable, simple
to understand.
● The planner requires all key information about the project, while DPR
contains all these information, efforts must be made to refine them before
using them for planning.
● Planners usually prepare a questionnaire and fill it up before sitting down
to do the planning.
● Planning aims at achieving the project completion, making the most
effective use of time and resources.
PLANNING THE
PLANNING PROCESS
● The planning process itself needs to be planned and organized.
● One needs to evaluate whether it is possible to do with in the time
allotted and how it should be carried out.
● Enough information are needed to plan in detail.
● At the start sufficient information may not be available.
● Its full scope may not have been finalised. Delivery date, contract award
date etc may not be available.
● Plans vary depending on the information available.
● Greater the details , longer it takes to plan.
SCHEDULING THE
PROJECT
SCHEDULING

● Careful planning and scheduling are vital for any project .


● After the completion of preliminary process design work, flow diagrams,
and plot plans, a project schedule can be developed.
● This project schedule will then be a guide for planning and recording
progress throughout the job.
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
● The schedule shouldSCHEDULE
indicate the start and completion dates for
engineering, drafting and procurement as well as construction
operation for each major item of equipments.
● If properly prepared and followed, completion of the project on time
will be assured.
● From the schedule we can anticipate the manpower requirements.
● The most economical utilization of personnel can be realized with
help of a proper schedule.
● First the preliminary schedule is made, as work proceeds more
accurate information becomes available and hence more realistic and
more detailed scheduling is possible.
SCHEDULE SHEET
● Schedule prepared in graphical form has been found most convenient.
● The symbols are used to indicate start and completion dates.
● Each item, two graphs are sketched, top graph shows the planned
schedule, the bottom graph indicates the actual progress of work up to
the time of issue.
● If required, the time scale can be enlarged to indicate the progress by
weeks instead of months.
● This graphical representation permits key personnel to determine
rapidly the progress of the job as well as plan future work in
accordance with Schedule.
HOW SCHEDULES ARE MADE
● Key equipment and material items
● The flow diagram and plot plans are most convenient source of
information for preparing the list.
● The plot plans provides a logical basis for division of the project into
sections.
● The next step in preparation of a schedule is determining the earliest
completion date.
● Once the probable completion date is selected, engineering drafting,
and construction are scheduled in detail so that master schedule may be
completed.
● All the work will be coordinated very easily and no group will be
delayed.

● This goal will be realized only if the people doing the scheduling
have full knowledge of the sequence of plant design, procurement
and construction operations, as well as time consumed by each
Sequence of Operation in Plant design and
construction
1. Process design and process flow diagram preparation
2. Preparation of engineering flow diagrams and preliminary plot plans.
3.Partial vessel design
4. Specification of mechanical equipments
5. Specification of instruments.
6. Design of major electrical switch gear, transformers, motor starters etc.
7. Design and specification of HE,Fired heaters, heaters, boilers etc
8. Preparation of piping specification
9. Finalizing general plot plans
10. Planning piping arrangements and listing of materials for underground piping.
11. Foundation design for vessels and other equipments.
12. Structural steel design
13. Electrical conduit arrangement
14. Foundation design for independent electrical items.
15. Completion of piping arrangements sufficiently to determine and fix vessel nozzle
orientation.
16. Release of vessel design for fabrication.
17. Release of foundation drawings
18. Release of structural steel drawing for procurement and fabrication.
19. Construction starts- site clearing, preliminary grading, excavation etc
20. Completion of preliminary piping material listing including valves.
21. Listing of pipe support
22. Start of instrument installation drawing, listing of all materials required
for instrument installation.
23. completion of piping design and release for fabrication.
24. Completion of electrical drawing and material listing.
25. Completion of procurement of all major equipment.
26. Delivery of equipment
27. Completion of underground installation.
28. Completion of foundation
29. Installation of piping.
30. Installation of electrical
31. Installation of instrumentation
32. Testing
33. Installation of insulation
34. Clean up
35. Start up procedure
36. Acceptance of plant by customer.
Information for schedule preparation
● Manufacturing and delivery time for various types of equipments.

● Man-hour requirement for design and drafting and construction.

● Sequence of operations in plant design and construction.

● Familiar with four stages of process plant construction namely


Process design, mechanical design, procurement and erection.
THANK YOU

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