•Lecture no 8

Neo-Freudians
Who are the Neo-Freudians?
• Neo-Freudians:
The followers of Freud who developed their
own competing theories of psychoanalysis.
• Jung developed an Analytical theory.
The focus is on the:
1-Personal unconscious (Jung’s name for the unconscious
mind as described by Freud)
Complex:
– A complex is a cluster of ideas connected together by a
common feelings or emotions.
2-Collective unconscious (Jung’s name for the memories
shared by all members of the human species)
• Archetypes - Jung’s collective, universal human memories.
Menu
 Carl Jung
Concepts of Theory:
– Libido
– Equivalence
– Entropy
– Opposites
Components of Personality:
– Ego
– The Personal Un-Conscious
– The Collective Un-Conscious
– Persona
– Anima
– Animus
– Shadow
– Self
The Psychological Types:
–Introverts
–Extroverts
Stages of Development:
• Childhood
• Young Adulthood
• Middle Ages
• Life after Retirement
• Life Goal
• Causality and Teleology
• Research Techniques
Theory of Carl Jung

Biographical Sketch
Concepts of Theory:
1-Libido is the driving force of the
personality.
• It is the general biological life energy
that is concentrated in solving
different problems as they arise.
• 2-Equivalence
• 3-Entropy
• 4-Opposites
Components of Personality:
1-Ego is our every conscious experience. It
is our thinking, feeling, remembering,
perceiving.
• So it is responsible for every thing, we do.
2-The Personal Un-conscious:
• It consists of repressed or forgotten or not
very vivid or clear memories.
• It consists of clusters of emotionally
loaded thoughts which Jung labeled as
complexes.
• A complex is a cluster of ideas connected
together by a common feelings or
emotions.
• The Collective Un-conscious:
• It refers to our ancestral experiences,
memories from untold millions of years, so
it is fragments of all human history that we
inherit from our forefathers.
• Jung labeled these ancestral experiences
as archetypes.
Fragments of all human history that we inherit from
our forefathers.
Jung labeled these ancestral experiences as
archetypes.
Which are following:
• Persona
• Anima
• Animus
• Shadow
• Self
The Psychological Types:
• Types refer to orientation or the way an
individual interacts with other people.
– Introverts
– Extroverts
Stages of Development:
• Childhood
• Young Adulthood
• Middle Ages
• Life after Retirement
Life Goal:
• The goal of life is the harmony of the
psyche that is combining various parts of
the personality in to one.
• This is also called the transcendent
function or life goal or the self.

•
Individuation:
• On the other hand, individuation is the
exact opposite of the life goal.
• Individuation is becoming aware of each
and every part of the psyche such as the
anima, animus, shadow, and self.
Causality and Teleology:
• According to Jung, adult personality should be
understood in terms of past experiences which
guide us, and provide solution to our problems
but our behavior is also guided by teleology that
is human behavior is always guided by past as
well as by future.
• So past experiences push us forward and future
goals pull us ahead.
Research Techniques:
Word Association Test:
• He redesigned Wundt’s word association test and used it
extensively with his patient’s.
Dream Analysis:
• For Jung a dream is just what it appears to be. It
provides individual with an awareness and
understanding of his problem and solution to the problem
as well.
• For Jung, personal unconscious, collective unconscious
and archetypes are very important. The unity of all these
into self is the goal of life.
The Psychological Types:
• Even those people, who have not read Jung, are
familiar with his famous psychological types.
• Which are discussed in his famous book, the
psychological types, published in 1921, his main
focus is on two types, introverts, extroverts.
• Types refer to orientation or the way an
individual interacts with other people.
Introverts:
• The introverts are quiet, imaginative, more
interested in staying at home alone,
reading or enjoying one’s own company.
• The introverts are usually labeled as self-
centered or book worms and preferring
indoor activities.
Extroverts:
• Extroverts tend to be sociable, outgoing,
and interested in parties, picnics, people
and group activities.
• They are the ones who love to socialized
and visit other’s rather than staying alone.
• Along with these two orientations there are
some four functions of our thinking
process as well, such as sensing, thinking,
feeling, intuiting.
So we get eight types of people such as:
1. Thinking extrovert
2. Feeling extrovert
3. Sensing extrovert
4. Intuiting extrovert
5. Thinking introvert
6. Feeling introvert
7. Sensing introvert
8. Intuiting introvert.
Stages of Development:
Childhood:
• From birth to adolescence.
• During this period the psychic energy
is used in learning to walk, to talk and
other skills of survival, than this energy
is spend in learning to educate.
Young Adulthood:
• From Adolescence to forty years.
• During this stage, one selects one’s
profession, gets married, raise children,
and relate to the community.
• At this level, the person is usually
energetic, outgoing, passionate and
loving.
Middle Ages:
• From about forty to later years.
• This is the most important stage, because
almost all biological and physical needs
are satisfied and now individual strives to
find meaning in life.
• So, after material development, spiritual
development begins to take shape.
Life after Retirement:
• After active work, one finds refuge in the
need to help others, so the task of finding
a new meaning provides energy to
continue living further.
Life Goal:
• The goal of life is the harmony of the
psyche that is combining various parts of
the personality in to one.
• This is also called the transcendent
function or the life goal or the self.
Individuation:
• On the other hand, individuation is the
exact opposite of the life goal.
Individuation is becoming aware of each
and every part of the psyche such as the
anima, animus, shadow, and self.
Causality:
• According to Jung, adult personality should be
understood in terms of past experiences which
guide us, and provide solution to our problems
but our behaviour is also guided by teleology
that is human behavior is always guided by past
as well as by future.
• So past experiences push us forward and future
goals pull us ahead.
Synchronicity:
• When you dream of a person and shortly
in the near future, the person appears in
front of you, when you dream of a place
and you visit it in future, when you dream
of an event and the event takes place, this
is called meaningful coincidence.
• The example isAbraham Lincoln, who
needed Blackstone’s commentaries.
Research Techniques:
Word Association Test:
• He redesigned Wundt’s word association test and used
it extensively with his patient’s.
Dream Analysis:
• For Jung a dream is just what it appears to be. It
provides individual with an awareness and
understanding of his problem and solution to the problem
as well.
• For Jung, personal unconscious, collective unconscious
and archetypes are very important. The unity of all these
into self is the goal of life.
• Jung’s personality theory has a
background of history, religion and
anthropology (culture and civilization).
• There is emphasis on personality
development following a stage of
development where spiritual
development is emphasized.
Freud:
• Freud’s theory is biological in nature
• Emphasis on sex and aggression
• Dreams have manifest and latent meaning
• Stages of development are five, beginning
from birth up till adolescence
• Psychological types are not provided
Jung:
• His theory is psychological and social in
emphasis
• Emphasis on unification of different component
of the psyche
• Dreams are what in individual sees them
• Stages of development are four, focuses from
birth till retirement
• Psychological types are provided, introverts and
extroverts
• Recap