Chapter One

Introduction to
Emerging Technology

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 Topics Covered
 Emerging Technology Concepts
Definition
Currently Available Emerging
Technologies
 Industrial Revolutions(IR)
Important Inventions of IR
Types of IR (the 4 IRs)
 Role of data for Emerging Technologies
 Enabling devices and networks for Emerging
Technologies
 Human to Computer Interaction

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 1.1 Emerging Technology Concepts
 Technology?
The sum of techniques, skills, methods and process for the
 productionof goods and services
 accomplishment of objectives such as scientific investigations.
 application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
Branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or applied sciences.
 Emerging Technology?
 It is a term generally used to describe a new technology
 But it may also refer to the continuing development of existing
technology
 New Technologies that are currently developing, or will be
developed over the next five to ten years and which will
significantly alter todays world.
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 Cont. . .
 In general Emerging Technology refers to the technological
evolution which is a theory of radical transformation of society
through technological development.
 Evolution?
A major, sudden, and forceful alteration in government and
in related associations and structures. {Social & Political
Science}
A radical and deep change in economic relationships and
technological conditions. {Industrial / Technology
Revolution}
The main emerging technologies nowadays are Artificial
Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), big data,
cybersecurity, robotics, and virtual reality (VR) etc.
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 Advantages of Emerging Technology
Emerging technologies can improve people’s lives in many ways.
Technological advancements can help people to complete tasks
more efficiently, keep them safer and healthier and also
protect the environment. For example,
AI can be applied in healthcare to timely detect and prevent
diseases.
National and local governments can use big data to make more
accurate and impactful climate action plans.
While 3D printing can significantly reduce carbon emissions and
help to recycle used materials.
Virtual and augmented reality technologies might be successfully
integrated into the educational curricula, bringing more practical
and experience-based learning.
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 List of Emerging Technology trends for 2020/21
 Artificial Intelligence and Machine  5G Networks
Learning  Autonomous Devices
 Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)  Augmented Analytics
 Internet of Things (IoT)  Digital Twins
 Cloud Computing and Big Data  Immersive
 Enhanced Edge Computing Experiences in Smart
 Quantum Computing Spaces
 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
 Blockchain and Cyber Security
 Angular and React
 DevOps
 Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)

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 1.2 Industrial Revolution (IR )
 IR was a period of industrialization and Innovation.
 or it is a transformation of rural, agrarian societies into
industrialized and urban ones.
 IR Begin during the late 1700s and early 1800s
The revolution started in England (to increase food
production, agriculture revolution)
The first European countries to be industrialized after
England were Belgium, France, and the German state
 The IR was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved
from:
small shops and homes to large factories.
 IR is described as a transition to new manufacturing
processes.
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The most common Inventions of the IR
 Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel

Engine, The Airplane.

 Communication: Telegraph, Transatlantic Cable, Phonograph,

Telephone.

 Industry: Cotton Gin, Sewing Machine, Electric Lights.

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 The four Types of Industries:
1.Primary industry:
involves getting raw material
e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
1.Secondary industry:
 involves manufacturing
 e.g. making cars and steel.
2.Tertiary industries:
 provide a service
 e.g. teaching and nursing.
3.Quaternary industry:
Involves research and development
industries
 e.g. IT

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Cont. . .

Early life style of Human Being

 Hunting, getting a catch fruit and
vegetable and others
 Does not settles down at one place.

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 IR 1.0 (Agriculture Revolution)
 Going from hand production methods to machine
production
 Mechanization through water power, steam power and
coal energy to enhance production.
 Transition from a hunting-and-gathering society to one
place based on stationary farming
 people moved from rural area to big city

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 IR 2.0 (Technological/Industry Revolution)
 It is a period of scientific and technological
development.
 The way items or products manufactured
was changed.
 A technological revolution generally
increases Productivity and Efficiency.
New technological systems introduced in this
IR is:
Electrical power
Telephones and seed drill and new
fertilizers

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IR 3.0 (Digital/information Revolution)
 Shift towards digitalization
 The transition from mechanical and analog electronic
technology to digital electronics as a means of storing,
transferring and utilizing information.
 The use of IT and Internet to digitize production, distribution
and service.
 Technologies created in the 3rd IR includes:
Computer system,
 Hand-phones
 Internet
 Digital revolution was driven by three factors:
 information-based occupations,
 Cheap personal computers ,
 The Internet 13
IR 4.0 (knowledge/Smart revolution)
 Advancements in various technologies such as Artificial
Intelligence (AI), robotics, Internet of Things (IoT), Big
data
 Characterized by increasing automation and the
employment of smart machines and smart factories,
 Additive manufacturing and autonomous vehicles
 Cyber-physical system - a mechanism that is controlled or
monitored by computer-based algorithms

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 Summary of the 4 IRs’

 1st IR used water and steam power to mechanize production.

 2nd IR used electric power to enhance mass production.
 3rd IR used electronics and IT to automate production.
 4th IR Advancements in various technologies that brings rapid
change in the way humans create, exchange, and distribute value.
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 1.3 Role of data for Emerging
Technologies
 Data is considered as the new oil strategic asset.
 Hence, data is a strategic asset for emerging
technology.
 Data drives or even determines the future of
science, technology, economy, and possibly
everything in our world today and tomorrow.
 Data may be a symbol, figure, image, video or
audio etc which can be important for emerging
technology. 16
 1.4 Enabling device and Networks for
Emerging Technologies
 There are four basic digital electronics device that enables
emerging technology:
1.Memory devices – used to store data as a spreadsheet or
database.
2.Microprocessors - execute software instructions to perform a
wide variety of tasks
E.g. running a word processing program or video game
3. Logic devices: provide specific functions including device-
to-device interfacing, data communication, data display, signal
processing, timing, control operation, etc.
4. Networks: is the collection of computers, servers, network
devices, etc connected to one another to allow sharing of data.
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 Cont.…
 Logic devices can be classified into two broad categories:
 fixed logic device
 Programmable logic device
Fixed logic devices – contain fixed and permanent circuits
 Perform one function or set of functions
 Once manufactured and programed, they cannot be
changed.
Programmable logic devices (PLD) – used to build
reconfigurable digital circuits
 not limited to specific functionality
 must be programmed before used, so that it
reconfigured by using a specialized program
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 Cont.….
 PLDs Can be changed at any time to perform any number
of functions. Or it can be configured by the user to perform
a large variety of logic functions
Programmable logic can be classified as:
1. Field programmable gate array(FPGA)
2. Programmable gate array(PGA)
• FPGA: integrated circuit designed to be configured by a
customer or a designer after manufacturing – hence the
term field-programmable.
PLDs can also be classified as
a. Simple programmable logic devices (SPLD
b. Complex programmable logic devices (CPLD):
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 Cont.…
SPLD: is the simplest and smallest PLDs that contain a few logic
elements and interconnections.
They are usually programmed using fuse or anti-fuse technology,
which means that once programmed, they cannot be changed..
Example: PALs, PLAs, GALs, ROMs etc
 PAL is a device programmed at one times only.
 It consists of programable AND array, Fixed OR array and
OUTPUT logic.
 GAL: is a device programmed many times.
 It consists of reprogrammable AND array, Fixed OR array and
programmable OUTPUT logic.
Complex programmable logic devices (CPLD): is a
programmable logic device with complexity between that of
PALs and FPGAs 20
 Cont.….
 Some uses of the programmable logic devices
Allow designers to use inexpensive software tools to
quickly develop, simulate, and test
Device-to-device interfacing such as Data
communication, Signal processing, Data display,
Timing, Control operations

Altera MAX 7000-series CPLD

Different FPGAs
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 1.5 Human to Machine Interaction (HMI)
HMI refers to the communication and interaction between a
human and a machine via a user interface.
Via Hardware for: Input and output – display

Sometimes termed human–computer interaction (HCI),

man-machine interaction (MMI) or computer-human
interaction (CHI).
HCI – is the study of how people interact with computers
and to what extent could computers interact with human
beings successfully.
The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction b/n users
and computers by making computers more user friendly
and respective to the user’s needs. 22
 Cont. . .
The most common means of interacting with computer includes
1. Graphical User Interface (GUI): allows users to interact
with electronic devices through graphical icons.
2. Command Line Interface (CLI): a text-based user interface
used to run programs, manage computer files and interact with
the computer.
The study of HCI focuses on user satisfaction by improving
interaction.
The main advantages of HCI are
simplicity,
ease of arrangement & operations
cost savings for smaller set-ups,
reduce solution and design time
reduce integration complexity
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 Applications of HMI
Industrial operations are controlled and automated by computers,
known as PLCs.
A PLC often interacts with a human operator via HMI and may be
used to operate machines and other industrial equipment.
The self driving car is another example of HMI. To navigate roads
and highways safely, these vehicles use a combination of sensors,
machine-learning algorithms, and human supervision.
HMI is being used in healthcare to produce more accurate
assessments and treatment.
HMI is used in smart homes to control residences by using
internet-connected devices to enable the remote monitoring and
management of appliances and systems, such as lighting & heating.
By combining human expertise with machine pinpoint accuracy,
HMI can boost efficiency and eliminate complexity and errors in
manufacturing.
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 Cont.…
HCI consists of three parts:
The user,
The computer/machine itself, and

The ways they work together (Know-how)

Attention to human-machine interaction is important,

Because poorly designed human-machine interfaces can
lead to many unexpected problems.
Classical examples of this is:
Three Mile Island accident in USA,
a nuclear meltdown accident

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 Cont.…
The most common multidisciplinary fields of HCI

•graphics, •Limitations,
•technology, •information processing,
•prototyping tools, •performance prediction,
• user interface • cooperative working, and
management systems capabilities.

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 End of Chapter 1
(Int. to Emerging Technology)
?

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 Summary Questions
1. What is Emerging Technology?
2. Given an example of currently emerged and future trends of
emerging technologies.
3. Mention the most important inventions of industrial revolutions?
4. List and discuss the 4 Industrial revolutions.
5. What is the Role of Data for Emerging Technologies?
6. List out programmable devices and discuss their features
7. What is HCI (Human-Computer Interaction)?
8. Write disciplines that contribute to Human-Computer Interaction
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Thank you!
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