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Operation of Overcurrent Relay 1

An overcurrent relay detects overcurrent conditions in electrical power systems and isolates affected sections by tripping circuit breakers. There are different types, including instantaneous, inverse time, and definite time relays. Inverse time relays operate more quickly for more severe faults, while definite time relays trip after a set time delay. Overcurrent relays protect systems and equipment from faults and overloads.

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14 views12 pages

Operation of Overcurrent Relay 1

An overcurrent relay detects overcurrent conditions in electrical power systems and isolates affected sections by tripping circuit breakers. There are different types, including instantaneous, inverse time, and definite time relays. Inverse time relays operate more quickly for more severe faults, while definite time relays trip after a set time delay. Overcurrent relays protect systems and equipment from faults and overloads.

Uploaded by

muhd ezad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overcurrent Relay

INTRODUCTION
• An overcurrent relay is a protective device used in electrical power
systems to detect and respond to overcurrent conditions, which can
occur due to faults or other abnormal conditions. When an
overcurrent condition is detected, the relay will actuate to trip the
associated circuit breaker and isolate the affected section of the
power system.
• There are different types of overcurrent relays, but they generally
operate based on the amount of current flowing through the
protected circuit. If the current exceeds a pre-determined level (i.e.,
the relay's pickup current), the relay will start its operation.
Operation of
Overcurrent Relay
Overcurrent relays operates when the current
value exceeds the relay setting time.
Overcurrent condition is detected, the relay
will actuate to trip and isolate the affected
section.
The operation of an overcurrent relay typically
involves the following stages:
• Pickup
• Timing
• Trip
Types?

Instantaneous
Overcurrent
relay

Inverse time Inverse Definite Time Overcurrent Relay


Overcurrent Very Inverse Definite Time Overcurrent Relay
Relay
Extremely Inverse Definite Time Overcurrent Relay

Definite Time
Overcurrent
Relay
Definite Time Over Current Relay

• This relay is made by intentionally delaying the


current value after passing it.
• A certain time overcurrent relay can be
programmed to trip after a specific amount of
time.
• It has a timer and a pickup adjustment.
Inverse Time Over
Current Relay
• Any rotating apparatus of the induction kind
naturally exhibits inverse time.
• Here, a higher input current causes the rotating
component of the gadget to rotate more quickly.
• In other words, the relationship between operating
time and input current is inverse.
• Overcurrent protection is a great fit for this
electromechanical induction disc relay's natural
nature.
• It will clear the error faster if it is serious.
• Even while time inversion is a property of
electromechanical induction disc relays,
microprocessor-based relays can also accomplish
the property with the right programming.
Very Inverse Relay

• More than the IDMT is the relay's inverse feature.


• Relays of this kind are utilised in feeders and on lengthy transmission lines.
• Relays are utilised in locations where short-circuit current magnitude rapidly decreases due to the distance from the
source.
• It is used to detect the fault current that is not connected to the fault location.
Extremely Inverse Relay

• In comparison to the IDMT and the very opposite relay, the relay's characteristic time is enormous. Relay is employed
to safeguard cable, transformer, etc. When the current pickup value exceeds the relay setting time, the relay can act
immediately. Even when there is a fault current, the relay operates more quickly.It is employed to detect machine
overheating.
• Both power plants and distribution networks employ inverse time relays. Due to their fault time characteristic, relays
operate quickly in fault conditions.
Inverse Definite Minimum
Time Over Current Relay or
IDMT O/C Relay
• An overcurrent relay cannot achieve ideal inverse time characteristics.
The secondary current of the current transformer increases according
to the system current.
• Relay current coil is where secondary current enters. However, if the
system current is raised after the CT is saturated, the secondary
current would not increase proportionally.
• This phenomena makes it evident that an inverse time relay has a
specific inverse feature from trick value to a specified range of
defective level. However, after this degree of fault, the CT becomes
saturated and the relay current does not grow further with rising
levels of system fault. As long as the relay current doesn't rise further,
the relay's operating time won't decrease further. This period is what
we refer to as the minimum operating period.
• As a result, the characteristic is inverse at the beginning, with a fixed
minimum operating time as the current increases. As a result, the
relay is known as an inverted definite minimum time over current
relay (IDMT relay).
Instantaneous Overcurrent
relay

• A current coil winds a magnetic core.


• When there is insufficient current in the coil, the NO contacts
remain open due to the hinge support and restraining spring in the
relay.
• When the current in the coil exceeds a predetermined value, the
attractive force is strong enough to draw the iron piece towards the
magnetic core, causing the no contacts to close
• As pickup setup current, the pre-set current in the relay coil.
• When the current in the coil exceeds the pick-up setting current, the
relay activates.
• The relay activates when the current in the coil exceeds the pick-up
setting current. There is no deliberate timing lag.
• However, there is always an inherent temporal lag that we cannot
eliminate. In practice, an instantaneous relay operates in the
millisecond range.
Advantages
Fast Selectivit Cost-
of
Versatility
Response y Effective
Overcurrent
Relays
Limited
Discrimination

Lack of
Sensitivity Disadvantages
of Overcurrent
Time Delay Relays
Settings

Complexity in
Coordination

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