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8 Electrolysis

This document discusses electrolysis, including defining key terms like electrolysis, electrodes, anode, and cathode. It explains what electrolysis is and how it works to separate elements from compounds using electricity. Different examples of electrolysis are given, such as the electrolysis of NaCl solution, molten NaCl, and concentrated NaCl. The document also covers inert vs active electrodes and gives the example of electroplating with silver. It provides reactions and observations for several electrolysis examples.

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31 views15 pages

8 Electrolysis

This document discusses electrolysis, including defining key terms like electrolysis, electrodes, anode, and cathode. It explains what electrolysis is and how it works to separate elements from compounds using electricity. Different examples of electrolysis are given, such as the electrolysis of NaCl solution, molten NaCl, and concentrated NaCl. The document also covers inert vs active electrodes and gives the example of electroplating with silver. It provides reactions and observations for several electrolysis examples.

Uploaded by

Armaan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTROLYSIS I

U nit 5. 6
N otes prepared using text book, online resources , teacher notes
Images from docbrown, gcebuddy.
Revisiting Terms
• Electrolysis: The process of separating an element or elements from its compound using electricity.
• Electrodes: Conducting rods made of graphite or other metals such as platinum. These would be dipped
or immersed in the electrolyte.
• Inert electrodes: Electrodes that only conduct and do not take part in the reaction.
• Active electrodes: Electrodes that only conduct and take part in the reaction, by reducing or increasing in
size.
• Anode: The electrode attached to the positive terminal of the power supply, hence attracts negative ions
(anions).
• Cathode: The electrode attached to the negative terminal of the power supply, hence attracts positive ions
(cations).
Terms
• Electrolytes-Ionic compounds that allow the passage of electricity, however they must either be in the
molten state or the aqueous state ( dissolved in water)
• Ionic compounds- compounds made of a cation (a positive metal ion) and an anion ( a negative non-
metal ion/ compound ion)
• Covalent compounds- compounds that have only non-metals and there are no ions in their formation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uIIq_Ofzgw
Ease of Discharge

GCESTUDY.COM
What does ease of discharge mean?
• Listen to the lecture attentively.
Practice
Q:What are ions present in the following?
Molten NaCl
CO2
CaF2
CaSO4
H2O
MgO
CuSO4 solution
Inert Electrodes vs Active Electrodes
• Electrolyte: CuSO4 solution
• Ions present: Cu+2 SO4-2 H+ OH-
• Inert electrodes: Graphite
• Active Electrodes: Copper

Anode Cathode
Inert electrodes OH- , formation of oxygen H+, H2 released
Active electrodes Copper anode dissolves Copper cathode increases
in size
Electrolysis of NaCl solution
• Electrodes: Inert (Graphite)
• Ions present: Na+ , Cl- , H+, OH-
• At the ANODE: 4OH-  O2 + 2H20 +4e
• At the CATHODE: 2H+ +2e  H2
• Product left behind: Na+ and Cl-
• Observation: ???
Electrolysis of molten NaCl

• Electrodes: Inert (Graphite)


• Ions present: Na+ , Cl- ,
• At the ANODE: 2Cl-  Cl2 +2e
• At the CATHODE: 2Na+ +2e  Na
• Product left behind: none
• Observation: ???
Electrolysis of conc. NaCl

• Electrodes: Inert (Graphite)


• Ions present: Na+ , Cl- , H+, OH-
• At the ANODE: 2Cl-  Cl2 + 2e
• At the CATHODE: 2H+ +2e  H2
• Product left behind: Na+ and OH-
• Observation:?
CW: Electrolysis of molten PbBr2
• Electrodes:
• Ions present:
• At the ANODE:
• At the CATHODE:
• Product left behind:
• Observation:?

• Why is heat necessary?


Electrolysis of H2SO4
• Electrodes: Inert (Graphite)
• Ions present: H+, OH-, SO4 -2
• At the ANODE: 4OH-  O2 + 2H20 +4e
• At the CATHODE: 4H+ + 4e  2H2
• Product left behind: H+ and SO4 -2

• If 200 cm3 of oxygen is produced, how much H2 is produced?


Electroplating
• The process of coating objects with a precious metal or an unreactive metal using electrolysis.
• Electrodes needed: ACTIVE
• Electrolyte: Compound of the same metal as the one to be electroplated with
• Anode: Metal bar (used for electroplating)
• Cathode: Object to be electroplated
Electroplating with silver
• Electrodes needed: ACTIVE Silver electrode and object
• Electrolyte: AgNO3
• Anode: Silver bar (used for electroplating)
• Cathode: Object to be electroplated

• What happens?
• Anode: Silver bar dissolves into solution. Gets smaller in size.
Ag  Ag+ +1e
• Cathode: Object gets a coating of silver.
• Ag+ +1e  Ag
Videos to watch
• Electrolysis of brine
• Electrolysis of NaCl
• Electroplating with silver

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