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Attitudes, Beliefs and Values

Attitudes are evaluative statements that people hold about objects, people, events, and aspects of the social world. Attitudes can range from very favorable to very unfavorable and are learned through various means like conditioning, observational learning, social groups, and direct experiences. Major job attitudes include job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment. Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that people seek to reduce inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors. There are three main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance: decreasing the importance of dissonant beliefs, adding consonant beliefs, or changing dissonant beliefs. Emotional dissonance at work occurs when an employee experiences internal conflict between their true emotions and the emotions required by their organization.

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16 views15 pages

Attitudes, Beliefs and Values

Attitudes are evaluative statements that people hold about objects, people, events, and aspects of the social world. Attitudes can range from very favorable to very unfavorable and are learned through various means like conditioning, observational learning, social groups, and direct experiences. Major job attitudes include job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment. Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that people seek to reduce inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors. There are three main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance: decreasing the importance of dissonant beliefs, adding consonant beliefs, or changing dissonant beliefs. Emotional dissonance at work occurs when an employee experiences internal conflict between their true emotions and the emotions required by their organization.

Uploaded by

Lipika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEFINING ATTITUDES

• Attitudes are evaluative statements -


concerning objects, people or events.
• Attitudes refer to our evaluations of virtually
every aspect of the social world – the extent to
which we have favourable or unfavourable
reactions to issues, persons, social groups,
objects- any and every element of the social
world.
Characteristics of Attitudes
• Attitudes are learned.
• Refer to feelings and beliefs, define one’s
predispositions towards given aspects of the
world.
• Attitudes endure unless something happens.
• Attitudes can fall anywhere along a continuum
from very favourable to very unfavourable.
• All people hold attitudes, irrespective of their
status or intelligence.
Formation of attitudes
• Classical conditioning
• Operant conditioning
• Observational Learning
• Social Comparison
• Genetic factors
• Direct experience with the object
• Family and peer groups
• Neighbourhood
MAJOR JOB ATTITUDES
• Job Satisfaction – an individual’s general
attitude towards his/her job
• Job Involvement- the degree to which a
person identifies with his/her job; actively
participates in it and considers his/her
performance important to self-worth
• Organizational Commitment - the degree to
which an employee identifies with a particular
organization and its goals and wishes to
maintain membership in the organization
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE tHEORY

• Linkage between attitudes and behaviour.

• Individuals seek a stable state and want to


reduce the dissonance or incompatibility.

• Cognitive dissonance: any incompatibility


between two or more attitudes or between
behaviour and attitudes
The desire to reduce dissonance would be
determined by:
The importance of the elements creating the
dissonance
The degree of influence the individual believes
he or she has over the elements
The reward that may be involved in
dissonance
Eliminating dissonance

There are three ways to eliminate dissonance:


(1) reduce the importance of the dissonant
beliefs,
(2) add more consonant beliefs that outweigh the
dissonant beliefs, or
(3) change the dissonant beliefs so that they are
no longer inconsistent.
Emotional dissonance
In the workplace, emotional dissonance is the conflict
between emotions experienced by the employee and those
required by the organization.
 
Emotional dissonance develops when there is an internal
conflict in an employee caused by a difference
in emotions.

This conflict becomes evident when an employee is


dealing with negative emotions, but needs to keep them
hidden during work to show a positive face to customers.

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