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Concept of Society

Society is defined as a group of people who share a common territory and culture. It is characterized by shared interaction and interdependence between members. A society allows people to fulfill their needs and interests through association with others. It provides socialization, regulates behavior, and offers mutual support to members from generation to generation. Culture encompasses the knowledge, beliefs, values and norms that are learned and shared within a society. It is transmitted between members and gives meaning to individual and social life. Elements of culture include symbols, language, values and norms. Cultural change occurs through various processes like invention, diffusion and acculturation.

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56 views42 pages

Concept of Society

Society is defined as a group of people who share a common territory and culture. It is characterized by shared interaction and interdependence between members. A society allows people to fulfill their needs and interests through association with others. It provides socialization, regulates behavior, and offers mutual support to members from generation to generation. Culture encompasses the knowledge, beliefs, values and norms that are learned and shared within a society. It is transmitted between members and gives meaning to individual and social life. Elements of culture include symbols, language, values and norms. Cultural change occurs through various processes like invention, diffusion and acculturation.

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april rances
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The Concept of

Society
According to sociologist, a society is a
group of people with common territory,
interaction, and culture. Arcinas (2016)
in his book
 Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics, defined
society as group of people who share a common territory
and culture. It is a group of people living together in a
definite territory, having a sense of belongingness,
mutually interdependent of each other, and follow a
certain way of life
The Functional definition and
the Structural definition
 From the functional point of view, society is defined as a
complex of groups in reciprocal relationships, interacting
upon one another, enabling human organisms to carry on
their life-activities and helping each person to fulfill his
wishes and accomplish his interests in association with
his fellows.
 From the structural point of view, society is the
total social heritage of folkways, mores and
institutions; of habits, sentiments and idea
The following are reasons people live
together as a society (Ariola, 2012):
 For survival
 Feeling of gregariousn
 Specialization
Characteristics of Society
 It is a social system
 It is relatively large
 It
socializes its members and from those from
without
 Itendures, produces and sustains its members for
generation
 It holds its members through a common culture
 It has clearly-defined geographic
Major Functions of Society
 It provides a system of socialization
 It provides the basic needs of its member
 It regulates and controls people’s behavior
 It provides the means of social participation.
 It provides mutual support to the me
Types of Society
According to Economic and According to Evolutionary View According to People’s Substinence
Material Sys

1. Pre-class Societies 1.Simple Societies 1.Food Gathering Societies

2. Asiatic Societies 2.Compound Societies 2.Horticultural Societies

3. Ancient Societies 3. Doubly Compound 3. Pastoral Society


4. Feudal Societies 4. Militant Societies 4. Agricultural Societies

5. Capitalists Societies 5.Industrial Societies 5.Industrial Societies


6.Democratic Societies 6.Post-Industrial Societies – 6.Post-Industrial Socieities or
Information Soci
Dissolution of a Society
 (1)when the people kill each other through civil
revolution;
 (2)when an outside force exterminates the
members of the society; (3) when the members
become apathetic among themselves or have no
more sense of belongingness;

(4) when a small society is absorbed by a stronger
and larger society by means of conquest or
territorial absorption;
 (5) when an existing society is submerged in water
killing all the people and other living things in it;
or (60 when the people living in such a society
voluntarily attach themselves to another
The Concept of Culture
 It was E.B. Taylor who conceptualized the definition of culture in
1860s. According to him, culture is a complex whole which consist
of knowledge, beliefs, ideas, habits, attitudes, skills, abilities, values,
norms, art, law, morals, customs, traditions, feelings and other
capabilities of man which are acquired, learned and socially
transmitted by man from one generation to another through language
and living together as members of the society (Arcinas, 2016).
 encompass all the facets of human experience that
extend beyond our physical fact. It simply refers to
the way we understand ourselves both as
individuals and as members of society, and
includes stories, religion, media, rituals, and even
language itself.
Characteristics of Culture
From the Perspective of Sociologists) From the Perspective of Anthropologists

Dynamic, flexible and adaptive Learned

Shared and maybe challenge Symbolic

Learned through socialization or enculturation Systemic and integrated

Patterned social interactions 4. Shared

5. Transmitted through socialization or enculturation Encompassing

6.Requires language and other forms of communication


Importance/Functions of Culture
 it serves as the “trademark” of the people in the
society;
 it gives meaning and direction to one’s existence;
 it promotes meaning to individual’s existence;
 it predicts social behavior;
 it unifies diverse behavior;
 it provides social solidarity;
 (it establishes social personality;
 it provides systematic behavioral pattern;
 it provides social structure category;
 it maintains the biologic functioning of the group;
 itoffers ready-made solutions to man’s material
and immaterial problems; and
 itdevelops man’s attitude and values and gives him
conscience.
Elements of Culture
 Symbols
 Language
 Technology
 Values
 Beliefs
 Norms
• Types: a. Proscriptive norm defines and tells us things not to do b. Prescriptive
norm defines and
 Forms: a. Folkways
b. Mores
c. Laws
Two Components of Culture
 Material culture
 Non-material culture
Modes of Acquiring Culture

 Imitation
 Indoctrination or Suggestion
 Conditioning
Adaptation of Culture
 Parallelism
 Diffusion
 Convergence
 Fission
 Acculturation
 Assimilation
 Accommodation
Causes of Cultural Change
 Discovery
 Invention
 Diffusion
 Acculturation
 Assimilation
 Amalgamation
 Enculturation
 Colonization
 Rebellon and revolution
Ethnocentrism, Xenocentrism and Cultural
Relativism as Orientations in Viewing
Other Cultures
Ethnocentrism

 m is a perception that arises from the fact that cultures differ and each culture
defines reality different
xenocentrism

 is the opposite of ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s culture is inferior compared
to others. P
Cultural relativism

 is an attempt to judge behavior according to its cultural context (Baleña,


et.al,2016). It is a principle that an individual person’s beliefs and activities should
be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture.
Other Important Terms Related to Culture

 Cultural diversity

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