ABAN2023 (2023 Asian Ban Asbestos Network Conference)

ASBESTOS
HAZARD REDUCTION
IN THE DISASTER AREA
Darisman
Indonesia Ban Asbestos Network (INA-BAN)
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Indonesia: Earthquake Prone

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Indonesia’s Population Density in 2022

According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) report, Indonesia's

population reach 275.77 million people in 2022.
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High Potential Victims

High use of asbestos

Earthquake High population
(and low quality of
building construction) potential density
Asbestos fiber is dangerous when it is detached from the binder cement material as a result of friction, fractions
falling material, contaminated materials, damage and so on.
The size of asbestos fibers which are very small and sharp makes asbestos fibers easy to fly and be inhaled by
the human respiratory system.
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LEGAL REFERENCE
• MINISTER OF MANPOWER AND TRANSMIGRATION REGULATION NO. 1/ 1980
CONCERNING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF BUILDING MATERIALS

"Asbestos may only be used if other less hazardous materials are not
available" (Article 85 paragraph 1) and

"If asbestos is used, precautions must be taken so that workers do not

inhale asbestos fibers" (Article 85 paragraph 2).

• REGULATION OF THE MINISTER OF MANPOWER NUMBER: PER.03/MEN/1985 CONCERNING OCCUPATIONAL

HEALTH AND SAFETY USING ASBESTOS

In its consideration it states that "Asbestos fiber dust contained in the air can be harmful to humans“

• PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NUMBER 7/2019 CONCERNING OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

“asbestos as a cause of respiratory tract disease and cancer”

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LEGAL REFERENCE
• GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
NUMBER 74/2001 CONCERNING MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS AND
TOXIC MATERIALS

"Asbestos waste as hazardous and toxic waste (B3)“

• GOVERNMENT REGULATION NUMBER 101/2014 CONCERNING

HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC WASTE MANAGEMENT

“Construction materials containing asbestos as Hazardous Waste”

• REGULATION OF THE MINISTER OF HEALTH NUMBER 1077/MENKES/PER/V/2011 CONCERNING GUIDELINES
FOR AIR HEALTH IN HOME SPACE
"Asbestos can trigger cancer (carcinogenic), and asbestosis (permanent lung damage)".
“Do not dispose of materials containing asbestos carelessly. If you are going to destroy materials
containing asbestos, it is better to use trained personnel.”
“Using personal protective equipment when carrying out activities related to asbestos”
 Earthquake in
Cianjur –
West Java
on 21 November
2022
 • The mass of waste contaminated with asbestos
fibers
• Residents live on asbestos fragments
• Unsafe demolition and cleaning of materials
containing asbestos
• Reuse of asbestos waste in homes and buildings
• Use of new asbestos in emergency & rehab-
FIELD reconstruction processes
FINDINGS;
The use of high roofs in locations that have
POST disaster potential increases the potential for
asbestos hazards
DISASTER

Unsafe Work Practices for Humanitarian Workers

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High
volumes of
asbestos in
building
debris
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Affected
residents
live on piles
of ACM
debris

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Living among the ACM debris

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the rest of
ACM is
reused

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Use of ACM
in the
shelters

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ACM
Destroyed
With Heavy
Equipment

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1. Risk Assessment and Mapping Hazard in the area
2. Public Outreach with the key message
• Community
• Humanitarian organization
• Government bodies

WHAT WE CAN DO?

3. Advocating
• Meeting and Lobby
• Network building

4. Training how to remove of Asbestos

• Introduce What is asbestos? What is the dangerous and effect to human health? Etc.
• PPE and how to used?
• How to removal and disposal ?
• Risk assessment for on-site demolition and asbestos removal
• Procedures for working at height
• Procedures for demolishing activities, starting from the preparation stage, demolishing
and clearance
Socialization: Concern for Asbestos Hazards for humanitarian SAR (Search and Rescue) officers and
various organizations in Bandung City, West Java
The Key Message on Asbestos
After the Disaster
• Asbestos Fractions are Dangerous!; Stay Away and
Avoid!
• Do not use or buy it back
• Do not breaking, cutting and other activities that can
release asbestos fiber bonds from cement.
• Do not mix materials containing asbestos with other
materials
• Carry out risk reduction efforts (isolation,
Wet/moisten, Wrap, Bury, PPE, etc.)
• Every person who "contacts" with asbestos must
have adequate equipment and qualifications
• Have skills and knowledge of removing or
cleaning asbestos
• Use PPE and have equipment that is safe for
yourself and the environment
Risk Reduction : • Ensure that the persons involved in the cleaning
and demolition work are adequately informed
Handling of post-disaster about the risks and good practices for carrying
asbestos waste out the cleaning and removal of asbestos.
• Make sure the person who will do it uses the
right and appropriate personal protective
equipment.
• Isolation the contaminated area
• Wet materials containing asbestos, (with low
water pressure)
• Wrap material containing asbestos with double
plastic.
• Bury in a safe location
• if it is felt that the area contains a lot of asbestos
shards and dust, the suggestion is to fill/cover it
using sterile soil of at least 10 cm or by plastering
the area with cement mortar.
Risk Reduction Efforts In Buildings
Containing Asbestos
Coat with paint or glue in the following way;
• Make sure the person doing it uses the
appropriate personal protective equipment
in the process.
• Do this coating process when the weather is
not hot, preferably in the morning or evening
• Do the coating of this asbestos material with
two or three layers of coating,
• first with a dilute composition, so that the
paint or glue enters the pores of the material
and binds to the asbestos fibers.
• The second and third do it with a thicker
paint or glue composition to bind more firmly
the layers of asbestos material.
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STAGES OF THE ASBESTOS CLEANING
AND REMOVAL PROCESS

Risk Make sure to use Isolation

Assesment the appropriate the contaminated
in area PPE area
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STAGES OF THE ASBESTOS CLEANING

AND REMOVAL PROCESS

Wet materials Wrap it in plastic twice

contaminated with Bury in a safe place
and tape it tight
Asbestos
 "previously I didn't know asbestos was "when wearing personal protective equipment
dangerous, because we could easily buy it, but it feels sultry and feels stuffy, maybe not used
after participating in this training, I to it and this is a lesson that personal
understand that asbestos is harmful to health protective equipment is very important when
and many countries have banned it, from now we contact with asbestos"
on I will not buy and use it again. And in the
current catastrophic conditions, even if
someone donates an asbestos roof, I will
refuse. I care about the health of my children
and grandchildren"

"it turns out that to clean this asbestos, you must

use complete PPE. honestly, we're hot wearing
this hazmat suit, this mask is very stuffy, and
everything has to be protected."
Lesson Learned
Asbestos is still legal and widely used in developing
countries, especially in the global south.
• As long as the legal advocacy efforts to ban the use of asbestos in
Indonesia are still in progress, we consider it important to provide
information, practical guidance and training for the community to reduce
the danger of asbestos in the community.
• So far, we view that people use asbestos because asbestos is a cheap material. In several
experiences with residents that another factor why people use asbestos is because they do
not know that asbestos also has a danger to human health. The factor of ignorance and
limited access to information is another variable that needs to be addressed, so we need to
design how socialization and information regarding the dangers of asbestos can reach various
levels of society.
• In an effort to reduce the risk of asbestos hazards, the fact is that the use of asbestos is high
and the cost of asbestos removal is very expensive, so an alternative method is needed that is
accessible to residents, cheap and safe.