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Grade 11HL Math AA Natural Logs 1

1) The document discusses the history and properties of the mathematical constants e and the natural logarithm. 2) e is an important irrational number that is the base of natural logarithms. It is also called Euler's number. 3) The natural logarithm is the logarithm with base e, and the natural exponential function is the inverse of the natural logarithmic function.

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Darine Saleh
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47 views18 pages

Grade 11HL Math AA Natural Logs 1

1) The document discusses the history and properties of the mathematical constants e and the natural logarithm. 2) e is an important irrational number that is the base of natural logarithms. It is also called Euler's number. 3) The natural logarithm is the logarithm with base e, and the natural exponential function is the inverse of the natural logarithmic function.

Uploaded by

Darine Saleh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Base e and

Natural Logarithms

Section 1.7
History
The number e is a famous irrational
number, and is one of the most
important numbers in mathematics. The
first few digits are
2.7182818284590452353602874713527...

It is often called Euler's number after


Leonhard Euler. e is the base of the
natural logarithms (invented by John
Napier).
Vocabulary
natural logarithm: a logarithm with base e

natural base: the number e, which is found using


n
 1
1  
 n

natural base exponential function: an exponential


function with base e
natural logarithmic function: the inverse of the natural
base exponential function
Ex 1
0.5
e
Use a calculator to estimate to four
decimal places.
1.6487
Ex 2
8
Use a calculator to estimate e to four
decimal places.
0.0003
Ex 3
Use a calculator to estimate ln 3 to four decimal
places.
1.0986
Ex 4
1
Use a calculator to estimate ln to four
decimal places. 4
1.3863
Section 1.5.3-Exponents and logarithms
Ln b is the natural logarithm of b
Example:
Writing Equivalent Expressions
Ex 5
Write an equivalent logarithmic equation.

e  23
x
log e 23  x
ln 23  x
Ex 6
Write an equivalent logarithmic equation.

e 6 ln 6  x
x
Writing Equivalent Expressions
Ex 7

Write an equivalent exponential equation.


ln x  1.2528
e 1.2528
x
Ex 8
Write an equivalent exponential equation.
ln x  2.25
e 2.25
x
Inverse Properties

e ln x
x ln e  x
x

Same as normal logs


Writing Equivalent Expressions
Ex 9 Ex 10
ln 21 ln  x  3
Evaluate e Evaluate e
21 x3

Ex 11 Ex 12
Evaluate x 2 1 7
ln e Evaluate ln e
x 1
2
7
Solving Equations
Ex 13
Solve e  10
x

ln e  ln10
x

x  ln10
x  2.3026
Solving Equations
Ex 14
Solve 3e2 x  4  10
2 x
3e  6
2 x
e 2
2 x
ln e  ln 2
2 x  ln 2
2 x  0.6931
x  0.3466
Solving Equations
Ex 15
Solve 2e2 x  5  15
2 x
2e  10
2 x
e 5
2 x
ln e  ln 5
2 x  ln 5
2 x  1.6094
x  0.8047
Solving Equations
Ex 16
Solve ln 3 x  0.5
e e
ln 3 x 0.5

3x  e 0.5

3x  1.6487
x  0.5496
Solving Equations
Ex 17
Solve ln 2 x  0.7
e e
ln 2 x 0.7

2x  e 0.7

2 x  2.0138
x  1.0069
Solving Equations
Ex 18
Solve ln  2 x  3  2.5
ln  2 x 3
e e 2.5

2x  3  e 2.5

2 x  3  12.1825
2 x  15.1825
x  7.5912
Solving Equations
Ex 19
Solve ln  x  3  3
ln  x 3
e e 3

x 3  e 3

x  3  20.0855
x  23.0855

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