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Morphological Processes: Word Formation

This document discusses various morphological processes involved in word formation, including affixation (adding prefixes, suffixes, circumfixes, and infixes), compounding, clipping, back formation, reduplication, blending, conversion, and eponymy. These processes allow new words to be derived from existing words or parts of words by adding or removing affixes or combining parts of multiple words. Understanding morphological processes is important for developing vocabulary and analytical skills in a language.

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Ledy Liza Ferrando
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90 views16 pages

Morphological Processes: Word Formation

This document discusses various morphological processes involved in word formation, including affixation (adding prefixes, suffixes, circumfixes, and infixes), compounding, clipping, back formation, reduplication, blending, conversion, and eponymy. These processes allow new words to be derived from existing words or parts of words by adding or removing affixes or combining parts of multiple words. Understanding morphological processes is important for developing vocabulary and analytical skills in a language.

Uploaded by

Ledy Liza Ferrando
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Morphological Processes

in Word Formation

Presented by: Ledy Liza Ferrando


Definition:
A process by which a word (stem) is
adjusted or changed to derive a new
word.
Once adjusted or changed, to some
extent, the meaning (derivational) and
function (grammatical function or
inflectional) are changed too.
Importance:
Acquaint ourselves with grammatical
rules, parts of speech and other forms.

Encourage deeper understanding of a


language and improves one’s vocabulary.

Promote and instill analytical skills


 Affixation
• Prefix
• Suffix
This occurs when a
• Circumfix
morpheme is attached
to a root. • Infix

Note: Affixes are bound morphemes.


1. Prefix – attached to the beginning
Examples:
un-happy, un-pack, up-grade, pre-school

2. Suffix – attached to the end


Examples:
-less (careless) , -ly (quickly) , -en (shorten, thicken)
3. Circumfix – attached to both (begin and end)
Examples:
in-correct-ness , un-reason-able , im-perfect-ion

4. Infix – appear in the middle of the word,


used to pluralized unusual words.
(most rarely used)
Examples:
cup(s)ful , passer(s)by , mother(s) in-law
Examples
 DERIVATION Beauty (noun) to
known as beautify (verb)
AFFIXATION Teach (verb) to
Teacher (noun)
 REDUPLICATION
Word formation process in which the stem of a word is
repeated or duplicated exactly or with slight change.

Examples:
I am very very happy. (intensive
reduplication)
walkie – talkie (rhyming reduplication)
chit – chat (ablaut reduplication)
boo-boo (copy reduplication)
 Back Formation
or Reversal

• removing part of a word to make a new


word
Examples
• edit from Editor
• televise from Television
• burgle from Burglar
 Clipping
– a shortened form of a word

Examples
Photo from
Photography
Cab from Taxicab
Kinder from
Kindergarten
Question?
 COMPOUNDING

Open Compound – house party , ice


cream , full moon

Closed Compound – chickpea,


firefighter, background

Hyphenated Compound – mind-


blowing, up-to-date
 Blending
Combining PARTS of TWO
pre-existing forms.

 British + Exit = Brexit


Breakfast + Lunch = Brunch
Smoke + Fog = Smog
 Coining or Root Creation
- brand new word based on a pre-existing morpheme

• Kodak from Camera


• Xerox from
Photocopying
• Kleenex
• Vaseline
 EPONYMY / PROPER
NOUN CREATION
Name derived from PROPER NOUN

Examples
 Hamburger from Hamburg
 Sandwich from Earl of
Sandwich
 Boycott from Captain
Charles C. Boycott
 Cardigan from 7th Earl of
Cardigan
 CONVERSION
refers to the process of
changing or converting the
class of a word without
changing its form.

Examples
Bully (noun to verb)
BREAKOUT (noun to adj.)
EMAIL (noun to verb)
REFERENCES:
https://www.linguisticsnetwork.com/morphological-processes-101/

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