Visualization

“The visualization process includes an analysis

of the types of shots, camera angle, camera
movement, aesthetics in visual composition
and subject camera relationship”.
 Shot
DEFINITION

" A SHOT is any action, static

or moving, that is recorded
between the time that the
camera is started and when
it is switched off" All video is
made up of shots. A shot is a
single, continuous image
taken by the camera.
 Extreme Long Shot (ELS)

A very wide field of view in which the camera

takes in the entire viewing area. The subject or
subjects are small in relation to the background
and tend to compete with the surroundings for
the viewer's attention. The ELS is often used
early in a scene as an "establishing shot". An
establishing shot is used to show the audience
where the action is taking place.
Long Shot (LS) or Wide
Shot (WS)
A slightly closer field of
view than the extreme
long shot, but the
subject remains
dominated by the much
larger background area.
Medium Long Shot (MLS) - In the case of a
standing actor, the lower frame line cuts off
his feet and ankles. Some documentaries with
social themes favour keeping people in the
longer shots, keeping social circumstances
rather than the individual as the focus of
attention.
Medium Shot (MS)
The subject becomes
larger and more
dominant. The
background is still
important but now
shares space with the
subject.
MCU (Medium Close-Up):
head and shoulders. BCU (Big Close-Up):
forehead to chin. Close-ups focus attention on
a person's feelings or reactions, and are
sometimes used in interviews to show people
in a state of emotional excitement, grief or
joy.
Close-up (CU)
The subject becomes
the primary focus
within the shot. Only
a small portion of the
background is visible.
• Extreme Close-up
(ECU)
• The subject fills the
screen and is clearly
the central focus of
the shot.
• TWO SHOT
A group of subjects,
most video directors
refer to the shot by
the number of
subjects, i.e., two-shot
or three-shot. If there
are more than three
people in the shot it is
generally just called a
wide shot or long
shot.
• Over-the-shoulder
shot (OS). This shot
establishes a
relationship
between two
characters and also
enhances the
depth of the shot.
 Point-of-view shot (POV)

A shot made from a

camera position close
to the line of sight of
a performer who is to
be watching the
action shown in the
point-of-view shot.
 Visualization
SHOT
Cut-away
A close-up of a bird chirping in
a tree by the picnic table in the
past example would be a cut-
away.
Cut-in
A close-up of one of the
friend’s hands at the picnic
table would be a cut-in.
 Visualization
Camera Angle
Another important factor to consider when
framing your shots is the angle from which
the camera shoots a subject or scene.
 Visualization
Camera Angle

The Bird's-Eye view

This shows a scene from directly overhead, a very
unnatural and strange angle. Familiar objects viewed
from this angle might seem totally unrecognizable at
first.
 Visualization
Camera Angle

• Normal Angle
• In a normal angle shot
the camera is
positioned at
approximately the
subject's eye level,
shooting the scene as
we would normally
view the world.
 Visualization
Camera Angle
High Angle
In a high angle shot the
camera is positioned above
eye level, with the camera
shooting down on the subject
A high camera angle tends to
make the subject appear
smaller in size. Looking down
on a subject suggests a
feeling of loneliness and a
lack of power.
 Visualization
Camera Angle

Low Angle
In a low angle shot the camera
is positioned below eye level,
with the camera shooting up
at the subject. Shooting up
from a low angle makes the
subject appear larger and
suggests a feeling of power
and dominance.
 Visualization
Camera Angle

Canted/ Dutch Angle

In a canted angle the
camera is tilted on its
horizontal plane to
produce a slightly
unstable picture. This
suggests a feeling of
excitement, suspense or
fantasy to the viewer.
 Visualization
Camera Angle
Subjective Angle
In a subjective angle the
camera is put in place of a
character and shows us the
scene from the character's
point of view. Subjective
angles are useful for
bringing the viewer into the
action.
 Visualization
Camera Movement

Camera movement can help to create

dominance or establish visual emphasis in a
shot. Movement is an obvious way to focus
your audience's attention where you want it.
Viewers tend to direct their attention toward a
moving object rather than one standing still.
 Visualization
Camera Movement

1. Movement of the Camera Lens

The easiest way to achieve movement is to
simply use the camera's built-in zoom lens to
continuously vary the field of view. The
command is usually "Zoom in" or "Zoom out".
Like all other types of movement, zooms should
be smooth and slow.
 Visualization
Camera Movement

2 Movement of the Camera Head

Pan
A pan is the horizontal movement of
the camera on a stationary pedestal
or tripod. The command is usually
"Pan right" or "Pan left", and is used
to either reveal a setting or follow a
subject
(swish pan or whip pan) This is a rapid
move that looks like a swish on the
screen. It is sometimes used for
transitions or for other special effects.
 Visualization
Camera Movement
2 Movement of the Camera
Head
Tilt
A tilt is the vertical movement of
the camera on a stationary
pedestal or tripod. The command
is usually "Tilt up" or "Tilt down",
and is used to establish vertical
subjects or to follow vertical
movement.
 Visualization
Camera Movement
3 Movement of the Entire
Camera
Dolly
A dolly is the movement of the
entire camera toward or away
from the subject or scene. The
command is usually "Dolly in"
or "Dolly out". In professional
situations the camera is rolled
on a special track to ensure
smooth movement.
 Visualization
Camera Movement
3 Movement of the Entire
Camera
Truck
A truck is the lateral, or side-
to-side movement of the entire
camera. The command is
usually "Truck left" or "Truck
right". Often the truck shot is
used to follow a moving
subject as it crosses the set.
 Visualization
Camera Movement
3 Movement of the Entire
Camera
Hand-held shots
Hand held cameras denote a
certain kind of gritty realism,
and they can make the
audience feel as though they
are part of a scene, rather than
viewing it from a detached,
frozen position.
 Visualization
Camera Movement
3 Movement of the Entire
Camera
Crane Shots
A crane (or jib), is a large,
heavy piece of equipment, but
is a useful way of moving a
camera - it can move up,
down, left, right, swooping in
on action or moving diagonally
out of it.
 Visualization
Camera Movement
3 Movement of the Entire Camera
The Aerial Shot
An exciting variation of a crane shot, usually taken
from a helicopter. This is often used at the beginning
of a film, in order to establish setting and movement.
A helicopter is like a particularly flexible sort of crane -
it can go anywhere, keep up with anything, move in
and out of a scene, and convey real drama
THANK YOU