Direct & Indirect Speech

DIRECT AND INDIRECT

SPEECH
(KALIMAT LANGSUNG
DAN TIDAK LANGSUNG)
Pengertian Kalimat Langsung Dan Tidak Langsung

Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) adalah kata-kata

atau kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh
pembicara (orang pertama) dan ditulis apa adanya.
Example: She says, “I am a clever student.”
Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tidak Langsung) adalah
kalimat yang diucapkan untuk menyampaikan
pernyataan seseorang atau reported words kepada
orang lain.
Example: She says that he is a clever student.
 The Kinds of Direct and Indirect Speech

( Macam-Macam Kalimat Langsung Dan Tidak

Langsung)
Berdasarkan jenis kalimat yang dilaporkan (reported
word)-nya, maka Direct dan Indirect Speech dapat
dibagi menjadi tiga (3) golongan yaitu:
Pernyataan (Statement)
Perintah / Permintaan (Imperative / Request)
Pertanyaan (Question)
 Pernyataan (Statement)

Kalimat langsung (Direct Speech) yang diubah

menjadi kalimat tak langsung (Indirect Speech) tidak
akan mengalami perubahan tenses jika induk
kalimatnya memakai bentuk: Present Tense, dan
Future Tense..
 Present Tense

Examples:
Direct Speech
Andi says, “Ririn likes reading.”

Indirect Speech
Andi says that Ririn likes reading.
 Present Perfect Tense

Examples:
Direct Speech
She has said, “I have eaten”.

Indirect Speech
She has said that he has eaten.
 Future Tense

Examples:
Direct Speech
She will tell me, “I am ready to come with you.”

Indirect Speech
She will tell me that she is ready to come With you.
Jika induk kalimat langsung (Direct Speech) dalam
bentuk lampau (Past Tense), maka kalimat tak
langsung (Indirect Speech) mengalami perubahan
bentuk waktu (tense) sebagai berikut:

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Simple Present Simple Past
She told me, “the woman She told me that the
comes.” woman came.
 Present Continuous Past Continuous
 She said, “The woman is She said that the
Coming.” woman was coming.
 Present Perfect Past Perfect
 She said, “The woman has She said that the woman
Come.” had come.
 Present Perfect Past Perfect
Continuous Continuous
 She said, “The woman has been She said that the
Coming.” woman had been
Coming.
Simple Past Past Perfect
She said, ”The woman came She said that the woman
last night.” had come the night
before.
Past Continuous Past Perfect
Continuous
She remarked, “The woman She remarked that the
was coming.” woman had been coming.
Future Past Future
She said, “The woman will She said that the woman
Come.” would come.
 Perubahan Bentuk Waktu (Tense)

Disamping juga perubahan bentuk waktu (tense), juga

harus diperhatikan perubahan keterangan waktu
(adverb of time) dan keterangan tempat (adverb of
place) sebagai berikut :
Menjadi
Now then, at that moment
Today that day
Yesterday the day before, the previous day
Last night the night before, the previous
night
Last week the week before, the previous
week
Last Monday the Monday before, the
previous Monday
Two days ago two days before
A week ago a week before, the previous week
A month ago a month before, the previous
month
A year ago a year before, the previous year
Tomorrow the following day, the next day
 Next week the following week
 Next month the following month
 Next year the following year
 Next Monday the following Monday
 Here there
 This/these that/those
 Can could
 Will/shall would/should
 May might
 Over here over there
 Hence thence
 Beberapa Hal yang Harus Diperhatikan dalam Perubahan Kata
must (harus)

Examples: Dalam bentuk present

Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Must had to
He told me, “You must watch TV.” He told me that I
had to watch tv.
Dalam bentuk future
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Must would have to
He told me, “You must come again He told me that i
would have to come tomorrow.” again
the following day.
 Dalam bentuk larangan atau hukuman
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Must not (musn’t) must not/ must not to
He told me, He told me
“You musn’t walk here.” that i musn’t walk here.
 Menawarkan

 Examples:
 Direct Speech Indirect Speech
 “Shall i bring you some books?” He offered to bring me some books.
 He said “Let’s leave the case at the He suggested leaving the case at the
station.” station.

 Perintah/permintaan (imperative/request)
 Kata ganti dalam diri orang pertama dan orang kedua menjadi orang ketiga
 Examples:
 i he or she
 we they
 you me, he, she, or they
 my his... or her....
 our my... or his...
her... or their...
examples:
command(perintah)
direct Indirect Speech
She ordered her servant “Go away at once.” She said to her servant to go away at
once.

Precept(petunjuk, bimbingan, didikan)

Direct Indirect
He said to his young brother, “Study hard.” He advised his young brother to study
hard.

Request(permohonan)
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
He said to his friend, “Please come to He asked his friend to come to
my house”. his house.
Entreaty (permohonan yang sangat mendesak)
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
He said to his master, He begeed his master
“Pardon me, sir.” to pardon him.

Prohibition (larangan)
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
He said to his sister, “ He forbade his
don’t go there”. sister to go there.
 Pertanyaan (Question)

 Pertanyaan diawalai dengan kata tanya: who(siapa), what(apa), when(kapan), where(dimana).

Dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut:

 Kata tanya tetap dipakai dalam pertanyaan tak langsung.

 Susunan pertanyaan tak langsung menggunakan susunan. Kalimat pernyataan (statement),

bukan dalam kalimat tanya.

 Perubahan bentuk waktu (tenses) mengikuti ketentuan seperti biasa sebagaimana bentuk
waktu (tenses) pada kalimat tak langsung (Indirect Speech) yang berasal dari pernyataan
(statement).

 Examples:
 Direct Speech Indirect Speech
 Rina said to Ani, “What are you Rina asked Ani what she was doing.
doing?”
 Pertanyaan tanpa menggunakan kata tanya, dengan ketentuan sebagai
berikut:

 Menggunakan if atau whether dalam pertanyaan tak langsung.

 Susunan pertanyaan menggunakan susunan kalimat pernyataan

(statement)

 Examples:
 Direct Speech Indirect Speech
 Rina asked me, “Can you help Rina asked me if (whether) I could
me?” help him.
 He asked me, “Are you very He asked me if i was very busy.
busy?”.
 Exercises!!!

1. “Did they eat out 2. “Don’t turn off the

together light now.”
yesterday?” A. He told me didn't turn
A. He asked me if they off the light at that
had eaten out together time.
the day before. B. He told me not to turn
B. He asked me if they off the light at that
had eaten out together time.
yesterday. C. He told me don't turn
C. He asked me if they off the light at that
has eaten out together time.
the day before.
3. “What’s your 4. “I begin to
passion?” understand the
A. She wanted to know concept of
what is my passion. biodiversity.”
B. She wanted to know A. He said that he began to
what my passion was. understand the concept of
Biodiversity.
C. She wanted to know
B. He wanted to know if he
what was my passion.
began to understand the
concept of Biodiversity.
C. He asked me that he
began to understand the
concept of Biodiversity.
5. “Your friend has 6. “Can I borrow
just left.” your pencil for a
A. He told me that my moment?”
friend has just left. A. She asked me whether
B. He told me that your she can borrow my
friend had just left. pencil for a moment.
C. He told me that my B. She asked me whether
friend had just left. she could borrow my
pencil for a moment.
C. She asked me if she
can borrow my pencil
for a moment.
7. “Why are you 8. “The sun rises
staring at my feet?” in the east and sets
A. He asked her why was in the west.”
she staring at his feet. A. He asked if the sun
B. He asked her why she rises in the east and
is staring at his feet. sets in the west.
C. He asked her why she B. He said that the sun
was staring at his feet. rose in the east and set
in the west.
C. He said that the sun
rises in the east and
sets in the west.
9. “I’m going to 10. “We have been
meet my penpal for here for a week.”
the first time A. They said they had
tomorrow.” been there for a week.
A. She said she was going to B. They said they had
meet her penpal for the been here for a week.
first time the next day.
C. They said we had been
B. She said she was going to
meet my penpal for the there for a week.
first time tomorrow.
C. She said she was going to
meet her penpal for the
first time tomorrow.
Thank You