¡Buenos

días! Hola

Communication
for Various
Purposes
Purposive Communication
“The improvement of understanding is for
two ends: first, our own increase of
knowledge; second, to enable us to deliver
that knowledge to others.”
- John
Locke
 Communication for Various Purposes

Communication is made for numerous

purposes. The way messages are crafted depends
highly on the intention of the sender. In
communicating, we always have a definite purpose,
which is usually intentional, perceptive or
recognizable, and functional (or designed to achieve
something positive.)
 Communication for Various Purposes
However, there are some instances in which we
encounter unintentional, dysfunctional results. To avoid
having those unintended negative effects, a clear, correct
language and sensitive to cultural differences is a must.
Various purposes of communication are to provide
information and providing the information is significant in
many aspects because you have to provide facts and
emphasize statements clearly and the goal is to make your
listeners understand every detail you say as a speaker.
 ¡Hola! ¡Hola!

Various
Purposes
-INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION
- PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION
- ARGUMENTATIVE
COMMUNICATION
 INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION
-involves giving than asking. As an informative
communicator, you want your receivers to pay
attention and understand, but not to change their
behavior.
-By sharing information, ignorance is reduced,
or better yet, eliminated. The informative value of a
message is measured by how novel and relevant the
information is or the kind of understanding it provides
the receivers.
 INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION

Osborn (2009) purports that informative

communication arises out of three deep impulses:
1. We seek to expand our awareness of the world
around us.
2. We seek to become more competent.
3. We have an abiding curiosity about how things work
and how they are made.
 PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION
-is an art of gaining fair and favorable
considerations for our point of view. It
a. provides a choice among options.
b. advocates something through a speaker.
c. uses supporting material to justify advice.
d. turns the audience into agents of change.
e. asks for strong audience commitment.
f. gives importance to the speaker’s credibility.
g. appeals to feelings.
h. has higher ethical obligation.
 ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION

-This speech presentation aims to secure the

agreement of the audience. a speaker uses
arguments, proofs, evidence, facts, and statistics. The
objective is to win the audience to the speaker's side
by sheer force of logic and sound reasoning. Arguing
is the process of proving a proposition a reasons and
evidence.
 ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION

- The essentials of argument or reasoning are

claim, the data, and the reasoning process. The claim
refers to the meaning of what you want the audience
to believe. It is the speech goal or position. Claims
maybe of fact, definition, cause, or value.
 Firming Up!

What is the difference between an informative

communication and a persuasive communication?
Which do you think is more challenging in terms of
preparation and delivery? Why?
¡Buenos
días! Hola

PUBLIC
SPEAKING
 PUBLIC SPEAKING
- Public Speaking is a type of oral
communication that is viewed as a form of art because
it involves styles and techniques in facing a group of
people otherwise known as the audience.
-This speech delivery has for purpose different
objectives such as to inform, to entertain, to persuade,
or to instruct based on the call of the specific
communication context.,
 Speech is the term used to refer to the body-
spoken expressions of information and ideas.
A speech may be delivered in any of the
following modes: read from a manuscript, memorized
and delivered extemporaneous or impromptu. The
choice of mode of speech delivery is determined by
factors such as length of preparation, the complexity of
the message, purpose, and occasion.
Seven Elements of ¡Hola

Speech Delivery
 Voice and Articulation
The human voice is important in any speech
situation. The substance and weight of one’s knowledge
are best presented through a pleasing and audible
voice. However, the volume of the voice is dependent
on the following considerations: the size and proximity
of the audience (listeners), the size and acoustics of the
venue, and the material (topic) to be presented. -
 Voice and Articulation
The pitch of the voice should also be considered
when speaking particularly on its softness and
loudness. The correct breathing and pronunciation of
the words would make the delivery more
comprehensible.
 Gestures

Gestures or hand movements are necessary to

synchronize with the message of the speaker during an
oral speech delivery. Although the use of the hands is
culture bound, there are standard movements that have a
universal meaning. The hand movement will aid the
audience to understand the speaker further as he or she
conveys her/his message.
 Posture

The posture which is another element of delivery is

applied to allow the speaker to exude confidence because
it helps in keeping the back of the speaker straight. The
right posture would let the person stand straight and
establish relaxation and professional composure towards
the audience
 Body Movement
Body movement is also an essential element of
speech delivery. Along with the gestures and posture, the
speaker is reminded to move his/her body following the
right timing and space. It is not sufficient to stay in one
place while speaking before an audience.
 Body Movement
The listeners appreciate a speaker who is animated
and pleasing to look at. Although the movement of the
body is anticipated among speakers, one should not move
awkwardly on stage. Furthermore, speakers should avoid
being a "swayer", a statue or a pacer.
 Facial Expression
The facial expressions of a speaker as an
additional element make the message much easier to
understand. The face of the speaker can connect with the
listeners as long as the expression supports the
conveyance of information. The speaker should be
reminded not to confuse the audience otherwise
miscommunication will likely arise.
 Eye Contact
Eye to eye contact manifests sincerity and
confidence. If one knows how to establish eye contact
during a job interview or facing a big group of people,
the audience feels the speaker and values their worth
for the talke
 Diction
Diction is often mistaken as pronunciation only.
It concerns the good choice of words, correct
language structure, acceptable or standard
pronunciation, fluency, and proficiency in the
language.
Different types of Public Speaking
1. Reading from a manuscript
2. Memorized Speech
3. Extemporaneous Speaking
4. Impromptu Speaking
 READING FROM A MANUSCRIPT

Reading from a Manuscript is appropriate

when the speech is long and when details are
complicated and essential such as that they need to
be given completely. Reading is also appropriate when
one is asked to deliver a prepared speech on behalf of
another speaker
 MEMORIZED SPEECH

Memorized speech requires a speaker to

commit everything to memory. This method is
excellent for short messages although it is also used
for long pieces in oratorical, declamation and other
literary contests. It also poses challenge in
naturalness.
 EXTEMPORANOUS SPEAKING
An extemporaneous speech is one that has been
carefully planned and researched. Although the speaker
may have a few notes in the form of an outline, the whole
speech has not been committed in memory. With
extemporaneous speaking, you have control over what
you say or do.
 EXTEMPORANOUS SPEAKING
You can make changes, elaborate with examples
or illustrations, or omit a few minor points if time is running
short. Speaking extemporaneously from a keyword outline
demands carefully constructed notes as you speak, and it
encourages you to remain audience-centered.
 IMPROMPTU SPEAKING
- Impromptu means speaking at the spur of the
moment. Since there is very minimal or no time for
preparation given for impromptu, the content and
organization may suffer. Impromptu may not deliver the
best thought in the best way, but it brings out the most
natural thing to say at the moment.
COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION
- is the feeling of anxiety that one experiences
before and/or during a public presentation such as
impromptu, extemporaneous, memorized, or manuscript
speech delivery.
 Causes of Communication Apprehension
1. Poor preparation
2. Inappropriate self-expectations
3. Fear of evaluation
4. Excessive focusing
5. Fear of the audience
6. Not understanding the body's reactions
 Symptoms of Communication
Apprehension
1. Butterflies in the stomach
2. Dry mouth
3. Rapid breathing
4. Rapid heart rate
5. Trembling hands, weak knees, and unsteady voice
6. Perspiration
 Strategies to Combat Communication
Apprehension
1. Develop a positive mental attitude.
2. Be well-prepared.
3. Practice your speech.
4. Get enough sleep the night before the presentation.
-End of Discussion-