Group 1

MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
C H A P T E R 6
TABLE OF
CONTENT I
Opening case: BAE
Systems 239

II
Interactive session: Organizations. Data-
Driven Crime Fighting Goes Global 256

III
Interactive session: Management. Societe
Generale Builds an Intelligent System to
Manage Information Flow 267

IV
Case study: Lego’s Enterprise
Software Spurs Growth 272
I

What kinds of data management

problems did BAE Systems experience
Opening case: in its legacy database environment?

BAE Systems 239

What work had to be done before the
company could effectively take
advantage of the new data management
technology?
 Data was stored in multiple,
disconnected systems
1 Data Silos -> Difficult to access and share data
across the organization
Bae Systems
Integrating and consolidating data was
experienced several data a complex and time-consuming process.
management problems 2 Lack of Data Integration
in its legacy database -> This slowed down decision-making
and hindered data analysis
environment, which
required significant
Retrieving specific data required
work before effectively manual effort
taking advantage of new Data management 3 Inefficient Data Retrieval
-> Delays in accessing required
data management problems information, reducing operational
technology. Some of the efficiency.
main problems were: Data was duplicated across various
systems without proper synchronization,
inconsistencies arose
4 Data Inconsistency
-> Data discrepancies and mistrust in
the data's accuracy

legacy system had limitations on

storage capacity and processing
5 Limited Scalability power
-> challenging to handle increasing
volumes of data and perform complex
analytics
Before effectively utilizing new data management technology, Bae Systems had to undertake several
necessary tasks, including:

01 02 03 04 05

Data Cleansing and Data Integration and Establishing Data Developing a Data Training and Change
Standardization Migration Governance Strategy Management
Integrating data from Implementing policies, Formulating a Providing training to employees
Cleaning and
different systems into a procedures, and comprehensive data strategy on new data management
standardizing data to
unified database or data guidelines to ensure data aligned with business technologies, processes, and
ensure consistency and
warehouse. This required quality, security, and objectives. This involved tools. Change management
accuracy. This involved
mapping and compliance. This identifying data needs, practices were implemented to
de-duplication, ensuring
transforming data to fit involved defining roles defining data models, and ensure smooth adoption and
uniform formats, and
the new structure. and responsibilities for establishing data acceptance of the new system.
resolving discrepancies.
data management and architecture.
enforcing data standards.
II. Interactive session: Organizations
Data-Driven Crime Fighting Goes Global 256

What are the benefits of intelligence-driven

01 prosecution for crime fighters and the general public?

What problems does this approach to crime fighting pose?

02

What management, organization, and technology issues should be

considered when setting up information systems for intelligence-
03
driven prosecution?
01
Benefits of intelligence-driven prosecution for crime
fighters and the general public

Enhanced Efficiency Increased Conviction Rates Improved Public Safety Targeted Approach

ntelligence-driven prosecution Intelligence-driven prosecution Intelligence-driven prosecution uses Intelligence-driven prosecution

enables law enforcement agencies enhances crime fighters' cases by intelligence to identify potential targets high-risk individuals or
and prosecutors to concentrate utilizing actionable intelligence, threats and criminal activities, groups, prioritizing efforts and
resources on cases with higher identifying key evidence, enabling law enforcement to intercept resources, resulting in a more
success rates, enhancing efficiency witnesses, and connections, criminal organizations, dismantle efficient justice system and
and efficiency. thereby increasing conviction networks, and apprehend dangerous effective allocation of resources.
rates and promoting justice. individuals, improving public safety
and reducing crime rates.
 PROBLEMS
02

Privacy and Civil Liberties Concerns Resource Allocation

Intelligence gathering involves intrusive techniques, raising privacy Intelligence-driven prosecution requires substantial resources
and civil liberties concerns. Balancing crime fighting with individual like funding, technology, and personnel, but limited resources
rights remains a challenge. can hinder its effective implementation and potentially neglect
some cases.

Overreliance on Intelligence Bias in Intelligence Collection

Intelligence is crucial but overreliance can lead to biases and
2 wrongful accusations. Its accuracy and reliability must be rigorously
Intelligence gathering can be biased, potentially leading to
unfair targeting. Ensuring comprehensive and unbiased
assessed to avoid erroneous convictions. intelligence collection is crucial for maintaining fairness and
integrity in the justice system

Information Security Lack of Transparency

Intelligent-driven prosecution relies on the secure collection, analysis, Intelligence-driven prosecutions may lack transparency due to

3 and storage of vast amounts of sensitive data to prevent breaches,

leaks, and misuse, posing serious consequences for individuals and
security concerns, potentially reducing public visibility and
accountability, thus eroding trust in the justice system.
society. Balancing transparency and operational needs is crucial.
 When setting up information systems for intelligence-driven prosecution, several management, organization, and technology issues
03
should be considered:

Management Issues Organization Issues Organization Issues

Leadership: Effective management is crucial Platform Selection: Selecting the appropriate
Collaboration and Communication: Effective
for the success of intelligence-driven information systems or platforms is crucial for an
communication and collaboration among departments,
prosecution. organization's needs.
units, and agencies involved in intelligence-driven
Strategic Planning: Developing a strategic plan prosecution are crucial for the success of information
Integration: The integration of various information
aligned with the organization's goals and systems.
systems and databases across different units or
objectives is essential
agencies is crucial for the efficient sharing and
Workflow Optimization: Streamlining and optimizing the analysis of intelligence-related data.
Resource Allocation: Proper allocation of prosecution workflow is necessary to ensure seamless
financial, human, and technical resources is integration of the information systems into existing
Security: Ensuring robust security measures like
critical to ensure the effective functioning of processes.
encryption, access controls, intrusion detection
the information systems. systems, and regular system audits is crucial to

Data Governance and Privacy: Defining data governance prevent unauthorized access and potential

policies, including access, security, confidentiality, and information breaches.

Training and Development: Providing
adequate training and development privacy agreements, is crucial for safeguarding sensitive
information. Data Analytics and Reporting: Implementing data
opportunities to prosecutors and other staff
analytics capabilities and reporting tools is
members related to the implementation and
important to extract useful insights, support
use of information systems is crucial.
decision-making, and measure the effectiveness of
intelligence-driven prosecution efforts.
III. Interactive session: Management
Societe Generale Builds an Intelligent System to Manage Information Flow 267

Why did Societe Generale’s managers decide to develop an

1 automated transaction processing system?

Why did managers decide they needed an “intelligent

2 system?” In what way was the new system “intelligent?”

What is the role of human decision-makers in the new

3 system?

4 Why did managers select the Infogix platform?

 Why did Societe Generale’s managers decide to develop
1. an automated transaction processing system?
Managers decided they needed an
"intelligent system" to automate the
verification process and reduce the
burden and chance for errors associated
with manual verification. The new system
Societe Generale's managers decided to
is "intelligent" in the sense that it captures
develop an automated transaction
processing system because they faced
the knowledge of employees and applies
challenges with the manual verification of that knowledge to the verification process
financial transactions and data. The data in real time.
was often "dirty," and the volume and
complexity of the task required a more
efficient and accurate solution.

Why did managers decide they needed an “intelligent

2. system?” In what way was the new system “intelligent?”
 4. Why did managers select the Infogix platform?

In the new system, human decision

makers still have a role. They are needed
to handle new situations or critical errors Managers selected the Infogix platform
that the automated system cannot resolve. because it specializes in running data-
For example, in the event of critical errors intensive business environments and
disrupting important bank systems, the offered the capabilities needed for
bank's production support team, monitoring incoming transactions,
consisting of humans, uses tools available providing balancing and reconciliation,
on the Infogix platform to solve the identifying and predicting fraud and
problem. customer behavior, and implementing over
220 business rules. Infogix's rule-based
system allowed for the development of
complex business rules for validating data
integrity, making it a suitable choice for
Societe Generale's needs.
What is the role of human decision-makers in the new
3. system?
IV
Explain the role of the database in SAP’s three- tier
6-13
system.

Case study: Lego’s

Explain why distributed architectures are flexible.

Enterprise Software
6-14

Identify some of the business intelligence fea- tures

Spurs Growth 272 6-15 included in SAP’s business software suite.

What are the main advantages and disadvan- tages of

having multiple databases in a distrib- uted
6-16
architecture? Explain.
 Explain the role of the database in SAP’s three- tier system.
6-13

The client interface, typically a graphical user interface (GUI) on a

First Tier laptop, desktop, or mobile device, allows users to interact with the
(Client
Interface) SAP system. It sends user requests to the application servers.

The application servers receive and process user requests

Second Tier
from the client interface. They execute various business (Application
logic and application-specific tasks. Servers)

The database system, as the third tier, stores and manages the data that is
Third Tier essential for SAP's operations. It consists of one or more relational
(Database
databases. This is where data on products, daily operations, the supply
System)
chain, and employee information are stored.
 REDUNDANCY
SCALABI
AND FAULT
LITY
Distributed architectures can be easily scaled to Distributing componentsTOLERANCE:
across multiple servers or locations
accommodate changing workloads. Additional provides redundancy. If one component fails, the system can still
hardware, servers, or resources can be added as function using backup components, enhancing fault tolerance and
needed to meet increasing demands. system reliability.

ADAPTABI Geographical
LITY Distribution
Distributed systems are adaptable to evolving
technology and business needs. New Distributed architectures can be geographically
components or technologies can be integrated 6-14 dispersed, allowing organizations to serve users and
without disrupting the entire system. EXPLAIN WHY customers in different regions efficiently. This is
DISTRIBUTED essential for global businesses.
ARCHITECTURES ARE
FLEXIBLE
EASE OF
MAINTENAN
CE
Distributed systems can be maintained LOAD
independently, reducing downtime and BALANCING
simplifying updates or modifications to specific EFFICIENT
RESOURCE Load balancing can be implemented to distribute
components.
UTILIZATION work evenly across multiple servers or resources,
preventing overloading and improving performance.
Distributed architectures can make better use of
available resources by allocating tasks to the most
suitable components or servers.
 DATA
ANALYTICS
SAP provides tools for data analysis, allowing FORECASTING
organizations to extract valuable insights from their
data, create reports, and visualize data through Businesses can use SAP to forecast trends and make
dashboards. informed predictions based on historical data, aiding in
strategic planning.

ADVANCED
ANALYTICS
SAP supports advanced analytics techniques, Data Warehousing
such as predictive analytics and machine
learning, to uncover hidden patterns and make 6-15
data-driven decisions. BUSINESS SAP offers data warehousing solutions to
INTELLIGENCE consolidate, store, and manage data from various
FEATURES IN SAP'S sources for easy access and reporting.

REAL-TIME
BUSINESS SOFTWARE
REPORTING SUITE

Organizations can generate real-time reports and

PERFORMANCE
dashboards for immediate insights into their
operations.
MONITORING

SAP's software allows organizations to monitor the

INTEGRATION
performance of various business processes and
systems, enabling them to identify and address issues
SAP software can integrate data and processes across
proactively.
different departments and systems, facilitating cross-
functional data analysis and reporting.
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Scalability Complexity
Multiple databases can distribute data across different servers, Managing multiple databases can be complex, requiring
improving scalability to handle growing data volumes and user more resources for maintenance and administration.
loads.

Improved Performance Data Consistency

Data retrieval and processing can be faster as databases are Ensuring data consistency across multiple databases can be
distributed closer to where they are needed, reducing network challenging, potentially leading to data synchronization
latency. issues.

Fault Tolerance Cost

If one database server fails, other databases can still function, Maintaining multiple databases can be costly in terms of
ensuring high availability and fault tolerance. hardware, software, and administration.

Isolation Security
Different databases can isolate data, reducing the risk of data Multiple databases can pose security challenges as they need
corruption or conflicts. robust security measures to protect data across all locations.

6-17
Thank
You!