Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS , Class-XII 1

2 Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS , Class-XII

Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS , Class-XII 3
4 Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS , Class-XII
 Continuous
imaginary lines I
which represent the T
NIA S N
MB
direction of magnetic
N Number field.
I C

et
agn
M
A A I

rm
V

Ti me p er oi o scill ating ba
Solenoid

Magnetic field χ I
lines H
M S
N
d

ty
d

i li
M ml

tib
c ep
us
t icS χm
i e
gn
Ma
y
i lit
eab
Broad-side Position, Magnetic Ma gn eti c p erm
M terms
B
d Bar magnet
Ma B
gneti H
d , c i n et nsit y
B M d
a

Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS, Class-XII

of

m
y

te
rg

Pa r a- magne tis m
ys
ne

e
tS

l
ia Magnetic
ne

nt
te
ag

Po
e

substance
M

d-
T orqu

el

Fe
Fi

rro
ag

m
M B ne e
U MB ti s

Di
U U .
m

am
g

ag
ne
is .
m

t
a nd M , )
tism
e.g., Fe, Co, Ni, ( r m
M B MB
e a
M ml n A
l
tt
g

B
er
,
Ma

M e.g., Bi, Cu, Hg, Ag

n ( r m<1)
Trace the Mind Map
(



First Level Second Level Third Level χ

5
l

>

)
6 Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS , Class-XII
Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS , Class-XII 7
 8
i
if s

Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS, Class-XII

conduction current, results and
dq , s
I causes d
signal. dt I
dt

l
q Conduction
E.ds Displacement Electromagnetic
current
current spectrum
l
History
B.ds
l

E.dl d
dt
l Maxwell's and

B.dl I equations
dt

B
Characteristics of U E Total energy per
Electromagnetic waves
Energy density U
av
B
E
Uav
net
Travel with speed of light c
o ma g i c Wa E
E0

tr B—
c and
0

ve
Produced be accelerated charged particle B
c
El e

s
Oscillati ng electric & magnetic fields
are in phase and their ratio is constant Trace the Mind
aE0
Map


(c) = Third Level
B0 First Level Second Level
 Splitti ng of i + i ' –A
in case of mirror and optical centre in case
polychromatic A
of lenses are
light into its
X
distances are constituent
colours.
distances d
a Di s i
r p ersi o n [ ]
e
distances
a
r Reflection
e Sign of Light Prism Lens Marker's
Conventions Formula
Spherical
Mirror
sin i v1 2
= infinity]
sin r = v2 A'
1
op

e
t c
real depth os
m
Mi cr
apparent depth Refraction l e
A Si m p
of light Optical
O

O
Instruments C o

Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS, Class-XII

M m
Power of i p cr o o u O

a lens sc o n d
Total pe
O

W h en ray passes from opti cally Internal

Tel e
denser to rarer medium, if incident reflection

s
angle (i) greater than critical angle,

co
y Optics &
Critical

pe
entire light is then reflected back
M
to the denser medium again, this Angle
Ra l I nstru m
tica ent
process is called T.I.R. It is used in
optical fibre. Refraction
on Spherical Op s M y
[For combination of lens
surface when they are in contact]

i.e., m
for combination of lens
when they are separated
Trace the Mind Map


First Level Second Level Third Level
1 1 d
P = + –
f1

f2

9
f1 f2
 10
th
Two waves superimpose to form a resultant

Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS, Class-XII

wave of greater or lower or same amplitude.
+ I
• For bright fringe
• ,
 =n
• For dark fringe
  •F , ~
nth

are
D Based on

ff er e n ce
and
interference
of light

h di
with

Pat
Interference ,

of Light i
Coherent .
It the source
, F ri n g e- w idt h
s.

Diffraction of n
Huygens' light by single slit
Principle

e O ptics
Wav
t n
n
fr o
e
Wa v

Locus of all particles I

vibrating in some phase Trace the Mind Map
First Level Second Level Third Level


A
 nature h/p
Interference and diff raction can be explained by wave nature
n
el ati o
is small wavelength, it
. li er
.

og
s h h

r
de- B
linear momentum are called mv m
Energy of''photons.''
each h hc
h

E/c e.g.,

a
hc Dual Nature
of
0, Radiation
K max
i.e., onto Contribution
the surface
Photoelectric
Matter waves Eff ect
i.e., E

Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS, Class-XII

Electrons come out with definite KE.

Hertz and
Lenard's

l N at ure o
Observation
E eV0 ua on & M f
ati att
D

hc
di
=tan –1 hc
e
V0
er
Ra

K max
c
ejected
K max
Here, hc

c h
Trace the Mind Map
First Level Second Level Third Level

11
 12
In 1898, J.J Thomson proposed the first
model of atom known as plum-pudding

Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS, Class-XII

model.
when passed
Most of – particles passed undeviated or with a small angle In 1911, Rutherford prepared planetary model
components of different wavelength
– of atom.
appear.
In 1913, Niels Bohr prepared a model of
Hydrogen atom based on quantum theory.

Level
First Level

En
Trace the Mind Map

 n
Second Level

Contributi on

, it releases
Third

Dr
aw

spectra
ba
ck

At o ms
s

Energy
Level

s Hydrogen
. Spectrum

Bohr Model Tota l E

n erg
y
Ki n

Vel oc ity of el ectr o

i n n t hB o h r' s or bi e t ic

Pot
th E ne
. n rg y

en
ti a
.

lE
ne
where, n is an integer Doesn't explain rg
y
Zeeman's a n d Stark's
It is also know n as
n
t

effect .
principal Q u a n t u m Number .
s

s.
 1n 1932, James Chadwick
• discovered neutrons – showed
• Common name elementary particles
devoid of any electrical gave E n neutron
• charge.

Mass Defect
Contribution B.E.
Mass-Energy
• (Z) Relation B.E. B.E /A
• (A ) Binding
I s ot o
e.g., p es Energy

I sobar s e.g., n a r
• (A ) n 200 meV
Nuclear
• (Z ) fission
e.g.,
es
t on
I so r Vo lu
me
a
cl e
Nu
Nuclear

Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS, Class-XII

s (N ) fusion
e.g., N uclear R a d i u
s

N uc
Nucl ei

l ea
e.g.,

rD
ns

e
i ty

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

First Level Second Level Third Level

13
 14
V ale n c
e Ba • p
nd • –ve terminal to n–side
ed
discovered Bi as

Oswaal C B S E Mind Maps, P HYSICS, Class-XII

Zero kelvin (0K) rd •
energy bands. r wa
C o n d u ctio n B a n d Fo • decreases

p–n juncti on Diode

Device made by
an atomic level contact R ev er s e Bi
as e
of n–type and p –type d
semiconductors

ap
• p

ng
Contribution
n

de
id •
rb
B a n d a p or f o •
g
•
Semiconductor
Energy band Diode

g less

Co
ni ne nh
I ne nh
nd

Intrinsic
ct

semiconductor
or
s

i c o n d u ct or s
Se m

and Extrinsic
<3eV. E g semiconductor
V of band theory
P- t y p
es
em
i

co
E g > 3eV

nd
u ct
or
.
s
Trace the Mind Map
trivalent (B, Al) elements .
.


First Level Second Level Third Level .

.
.