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Unit 1 Topic 2

The document discusses different types of sensors used in IoT applications. It describes temperature, pressure, motion, image, proximity, water quality, gas, smoke, infrared, and acceleration sensors. Each sensor type detects a specific condition such as temperature, pressure, movement, images, proximity, water parameters, gases, smoke, infrared radiation, or acceleration. Sensors convert the detected physical conditions into electrical signals that can then be measured and analyzed.

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39 views16 pages

Unit 1 Topic 2

The document discusses different types of sensors used in IoT applications. It describes temperature, pressure, motion, image, proximity, water quality, gas, smoke, infrared, and acceleration sensors. Each sensor type detects a specific condition such as temperature, pressure, movement, images, proximity, water parameters, gases, smoke, infrared radiation, or acceleration. Sensors convert the detected physical conditions into electrical signals that can then be measured and analyzed.

Uploaded by

Novel Pdf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sensors, their types and features

Dr. Anil Kumar Dubey


Assistant Professor,
Computer Science & Engineering Department,
ABES EC, Ghaziabad
Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Uttar
Pradesh, Lucknow
Basic
Sensors are designed to respond to specific types of
conditions in the physical world, and then generate a
signal (usually electrical) that can represent the
magnitude of the condition being monitored.

Those conditions may be light, heat, sound, distance,


pressure, or some other more specific situation, such as
the presence or absence of a gas or liquid.
Types
The common IoT sensors that will be employed include:
Temperature sensors
Pressure sensors
Motion sensors
Image sensors
Proximity sensors
Water quality sensors
Gas sensors
Smoke sensors
Infrared (IR) sensors
Acceleration sensors

Conti…

Temperature Sensors
Temperature sensors detect the temperature of the air or a
physical object and concert that temperature level into an
electrical signal that can be calibrated accurately reflect
the measured temperature.
These sensors could monitor the temperature of the soil to
help with agricultural output or the temperature of a
bearing operating in a critical piece of equipment to sense
when it might be overheating or nearing the point of
Conti…

Pressure Sensors
Pressure sensors measure the pressure or force per unit
area applied to the sensor and can detect things such as
atmospheric pressure, the pressure of a stored gas or
liquid in a sealed system such as tank or pressure vessel,
or the weight of an object.
Conti…

Motion Sensors
Motion sensors or detectors can sense the movement of
a physical object by using any one of several
technologies, including passive infrared (PIR),
microwave detection, or ultrasonic, which uses sound to
detect objects.
These sensors can be used in security and intrusion
detection systems, but can also be used to automate the
control of doors, sinks, air conditioning and heating, or
Conti…

Image Sensors
Image sensors function to capture images to be digitally
stored for processing.
License plate readers are an example, as well as facial
recognition systems.
Automated production lines can use image sensors to
detect issues with quality such as how well a surface is
painted after leaving the spray booth.
Conti…
Proximity Sensors
Proximity sensors can detect the presence or absence of
objects that approach the sensor through a variety of
different technology designs.
These approaches include:
 Inductive technologies: useful for the detection of metal
objects
 Ultrasonic technologies: use a sound signal to detect an object
nearing the sensor
Conti…
Water Quality Sensors
Able to sense and measure parameters around water
quality.
Some examples of what is sensed and monitored
include:
 Chemical presence (such as chlorine levels or fluoride levels)
 Oxygen levels (which may impact the growth of algae and bacteria)
 Electrical conductivity (which can indicate the level of ions present in
water)
 pH level (a reflection of the relative acidity or alkalinity of the water)
 Turbidity levels (a measurement of the amount of suspended solids in
Conti…
Gas Sensors
 Gas sensors are tuned to detect the presence of combustible, toxic, or
flammable gas in the vicinity of the sensor.

 Examples of specific gases that can be detected include:


 Chlorine (Cl2), Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2)
 Ethylene (C2H4), Ethylene Oxide (C2H4O)
 Hydrogen (H2)
 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
 Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
 Nitric Oxide (NO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
 Ozone (O3)
 Sulfur Dioxide (SO )
Conti…

Smoke Sensors
Smoke sensors or detectors pick up the presence of
smoke conditions which could be an indication of a fire
typically using optical sensors (photoelectric detection)
or ionization detection.
Conti…

Infrared (IR) Sensors


Infrared sensor technologies detect infrared radiation
that is emitted by objects.
Use to analyze the blood flow or blood pressure in
patients.
Conti…

Acceleration Sensors
Acceleration sensors, or accelerometers, detect the rate
of change of velocity of an object.
This change may be due to a free-fall condition, a
sudden vibration that is causing movement with speed
changes, or rotational motion (a directional change).
Conti…
One of several technologies that are employed in
acceleration sensors include:
 Hall-effect sensors (measuring changes in magnetic fields)
 Capacitive sensors (measuring changes in voltage from two
surfaces)
 Piezoelectric sensors (generate a voltage that changes based on
pressure from distortion of the sensor)
Conti…

Humidity Sensors
Humidity sensors can detect the relative humidity of the
air or other gas, which is a measure of the amount of
water vapor contained in that gas.

Controlling environmental conditions is critical in the


production processes of materials and humidity sensors
enable readings to be taken and changes made to
mitigate increasing or decreasing levels.
THANK
YOU

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