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Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion therapy involves administering whole blood, packed red blood cells (PRBC), platelets, or fresh frozen plasma to patients for various reasons such as hemorrhage, trauma, surgery, or low blood cell production. Nurses are responsible for obtaining consent, verifying the correct blood product is given to the right patient, monitoring the patient before, during, and after the transfusion for any reactions, and documenting the procedure appropriately. It is important that nurses are knowledgeable about blood products and transfusion therapy to safely administer transfusions and provide education to patients and their families.

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Raymund Christopher Dela Peña
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46 views20 pages

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion therapy involves administering whole blood, packed red blood cells (PRBC), platelets, or fresh frozen plasma to patients for various reasons such as hemorrhage, trauma, surgery, or low blood cell production. Nurses are responsible for obtaining consent, verifying the correct blood product is given to the right patient, monitoring the patient before, during, and after the transfusion for any reactions, and documenting the procedure appropriately. It is important that nurses are knowledgeable about blood products and transfusion therapy to safely administer transfusions and provide education to patients and their families.

Uploaded by

Raymund Christopher Dela Peña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BLOOD TRANSFUSION THERAPY

Blood Transfusion may be


necessary for any of the following
reasons:
• Hemorrhage
• trauma (automobile accident)
• high blood loss surgery (heart surgery, organ
transplant, bone marrow)
• Burns
• GI losses
• Decreased red cell production
• Renal
• Nutritional
• Destruction blood cells
BLOOD PRODUCTS USED
FOR TRANSFUSION
Blood Products Indications

Whole Blood • To restore blood volume in hemorrhaging,


trauma, or burn patients

• To restore or maintain oxygen – carrying


PRBC capacity
• To correct anemia and surgical blood loss
Blood Indications Nursing Considerations
Products

Platelets • To treat thrombocytopenia


• To treat acute leukemia and marrow aplasia

FFP • To expand plasma volume


• To treat postsurgical hemorrhage or shock
• To correct an undetermined coagulation
factor deficiency
NURSE'S
RESPONSIBILITIES
• Must be knowledgeable about blood products, its safe
administration and how to monitor patients before, during
and after therapy.
• Assure that informed consent has been obtained before
starting a transfusion.
• Appropriate information to include in patient education
includes: benefits, risks, alternatives to transfusion
• Document all patient education regarding transfusion
therapy, and the responses of patients and family members
after teaching.
PATIENT EDUCATION
Provide patient and family information to blood
transfusion therapy:
• The need for blood transfusion
• Advantages of blood transfusion
• Possible reactions related to the blood transfusion
therapy
• Voluntary blood donation act
NURSE'S RESPONSIBILITIES
BEFORE TRANSFUSION
• When assessing your patient before a
transfusion:
– Obtain important medical history information
– Review pertinent laboratory values
– Review the doctor’s order, including any special
processing requested, pre-medications (paracetamol,
chlorphenamine), etc.
– Perform baseline physical assessment (vital signs)
NURSE'S RESPONSIBILITIES
BEFORE TRANSFUSION
When you receive the delivery from the blood
bank, you should receive both the product and
the transfusion record that corresponds to it.
Inspect for the following:
• Labels
• Integrity of Unit
• Appearance
NURSE'S RESPONSIBILITIES
BEFORE TRANSFUSION
• Perform the verification process to ensure
the correct blood is being given to the
correct patient.
• Two qualified individuals should verify the
patient and unit identification.
• Assess the patency of the patient’s vascular
access.
PRE-TRANSFUSION
REMINDERS
• Don’t add medications to the blood.
• Don’t transfuse the blood product if you discover a
discrepancy in the blood number, blood slip type, or
patient identification number.
• Use only 0.9% saline solution to piggyback the blood
into.
• Use large bore IV catheters for blood transfusion (GA
18-20)
NURSE'S RESPONSIBILITIES
DURING TRANSFUSION
• Administer the blood or component at the RECOMMENDED
RATE using the appropriate administration set.
• STAY with the patient for the first few minutes of the
transfusion
• Review signs and symptoms of what the patient should report
to you.
• Check and recheck vital signs 15 minutes after starting the
transfusion.
• DISCONTINUE TRANSFUSION IMMEDIATELY ONCE THE PATIENT
MANIFEST SYMPTOMS OF TRANSFUSION REACTION, ASSESS THE
PATIENT AND NOTIFY THE DOCTOR.
STOP transfusion if your
patient shows:
 Shows changes in vital signs
 Is dyspneic or restless
 Develops chills, hematuria, or
pain in the flank, chest or
back
NURSE'S RESPONSIBILITIES
AFTER TRANSFUSION
• Continue to monitor patient for any signs and
symptoms of reaction for at least one hour after
the transfusion.
• Obtain any ordered post-transfusion laboratory
studies.
• Ensure proper documentation of the blood
transfusion procedure.
DOCUMENTING BLOOD
TRANSFUSIONS
DOCUMENT THE FOLLOWING ACCURATELY:
• Date and time the transfusion was started and completed
• Name of the health care professionals who initiated
and verified the information of the patient and the blood
• Catheter type and gauge
• Total amount of the transfusion
• Patient’s vital signs before, during and after the
transfusion
• Infusion device used
DOCUMENTING BLOOD
TRANSFUSIONS
• Flow rate and if blood warming was used
• Name of the component, unit number
• Evidence of possible transfusion reaction.
• Document interventions done and to whom
you notified.
• Patient’s outcome.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Make sure that you are protected
too!

• Wear proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)


• Always perform disinfection technique.
• If possible, use a needleless system.
• If using sharps, do not recap the needle.
• Always observe proper waste disposal according to
your institution’s policy.
• If there are spills, never touch the blood with bare
hands.
• Make sure that blood bag is secured.
• Always double or triple check.
• Always perform HAND HYGIENE

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