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Chapter 2 - The Importance of Thinking Skills

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Chapter 2 - The Importance of Thinking Skills

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Lalita A/P Anbarasen
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© © All Rights Reserved
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DIPLOMA IN INVESTIGATION

SERVICES

DIA4013
CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

Intellectual Property Rights


Unless otherwise indicated, this Material is our propriety property and all source code, databases, functionality, software , website designs, audio, video, text,
photographs, and graphics on the material are owned or controlled by Kolej UNiKOP. And are protected by copyright and various other intellectual property
rights.
CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
DIA4013

Lecture by: ADIBAH AZMAN

CHAPTER 2: THE IMPORTANCE OF THIKING SKILLS


CHAPTER 2: IMPORTANCE OF CRITICAL
THINKING SKILLS
In this chapter, students will learn:

I.INTRODUCTION
II.THIKNING AT THE ORGANIZATION LEVEL
III.KEY ASPECTS OF A MANAGER’S JOB
IV.THE SCIENCE OF THINKING
V.EMERGING TRENDS
VI.LEARNING CHECKS
INTRODUCTION
• Thinking skills are the mental activities
people use to process information, make
connections, make decisions and create
new ideas.

• People use their thinking skills when they


try to make sense of experiences, solve
problems, make decisions, ask questions,
make plans or organize information.
INTRODUCTION

• We use critical thinking skills everyday. They help us make good


decisions, understand the consequences of our actions and
solve problems.

• It utilizes other important like skills like making connections,


perspective taking and communicating.
INTRODUCTION: HOW DO YOU USE YOUR
THINKING
•
SKILLS?
Here are steps that you can take when using thinking skills for
problem solving at work:

1. Identify a problem or issue.


2. Create inferences on why the problem exists and how it can be solved.
3. Collect information or data on the issue through research.
4. Organize and sort data and findings.
5. Develop and execute solutions.
THINKING AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL
LEVEL
• Strategic thinking is an organizational and pragmatic type of critical thinking.

• Thinking strategically involves seeing the big picture, planning, and putting
thought into action, typically to gain a competitive advantage in business.

• Good strategic thinking uncovers potential opportunities for creating value


and challenges assumptions about an organization’s value proposition, so
that when the strategic plan is created, it targets these opportunities.
THINKING AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL
LEVEL: STRATEGIC THINKING
• HERE’S AN EXAMPLE OF STRATEGIC THINKING APPLIED IN DAILY
LIFE.

You go on a trip and pack our things, thinking ahead and


assuming what you need to take in case of bad weather, an illness,
losing documents or money.
THINKING AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL:
WHAT AFFECTS STRATEGIC THINKING?

• Organizational culture, organizational structure, and resources or


competencies are identified as the internal variables that influence
strategic thinking at the organizational level.

• Market turbulence and technological turbulence are identifiable as


the external variables that affect strategic thinking.
THINKING AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL:
WHAT IS THE LEVEL OF STRATEGIC THINKING?

• In simple terms, strategic thinking and/or planning consists of three


phases that identify and clarify:

1.Where are we now?


2.Where we want to be?
3.How will we get there?
THINKING AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL:
HOW TO DEVELOP THE ABILITY TO THINK
STRATEGICALLY?
1. Learn to Predict

• Before taking any action, we should imagine the further development of


events and the result, which we can get. For example, ask yourself: "What do
I want to achieve and what will my actions or words lead to?".

• You can develop strategic thinking in your everyday life. For example, you go
on a trip and pack our things, thinking ahead and assuming what you need to
take in case of bad weather, an illness, losing documents or money.
THINKING AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL:
HOW TO DEVELOP THE ABILITY TO THINK
STRATEGICALLY?
2. Use Visualization

•Creating mental images and describing them in your mind will help you to learn
to see objects, events, projects, etc in details.

•For example, you say, “a tree” and start to imagine it in detail: how old it is, how
tall, how low its branches are above the ground, what birds are sitting on them,
how deep its roots are in the ground, etc.

•However, a person who can think strategically must see not only the details but
the whole picture - the tree - in general.
THINKING AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL:
HOW TO DEVELOP THE ABILITY TO THINK
STRATEGICALLY?
3. Think through the backup plans

•Trying to predict the course of events, we imagine a plan, according to which we


will act. Sometimes it seems that we thought through all the details, but the real
situation proves all our speculations wrong.

•There can be unforeseen circumstances which will puzzle us because we have


planned another course of actions.
THINKING AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL:
HOW TO DEVELOP THE ABILITY TO THINK
STRATEGICALLY?
4. Consider past experience – both your own and of other people

•Humanity has accumulated the great experience in all spheres of life over the
centuries. That is why solving a certain task or a problem, think first if someone
has faced the same task or problem before.

•Basing on the other’s experience, we can predict the course of events and
advance significantly without reinventing the wheel when others have been using
for ages.
THINKING AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL:
HOW TO DEVELOP THE ABILITY TO THINK
STRATEGICALLY?
5. Develop logical thinking outside the box

•We don’t usually overstrain ourselves in the everyday life making automatic decisions
and thinking with stereotypes and that is what differs us from uncommon people with the
advanced strategic thinking.

•For example, one well-known TV-series character, looking at sesame buns, thinks like
this: “Sesame is brought to America from countries where cicadas will destroy its crop
next year. So, if I buy sesame on the current price, I can sell it at a higher price
afterward and make good money.” We can say, that this person has strategic thinking
because for other people they are just sesame buns.
THE SCIENCE OF THINKING

• Scientific thinking differs from the sorts of reasoning tools that we


use in our everyday life.

• They represent scientific habits of mind applied to an everyday


situation.

• Scientists use such ways of thinking to scrutinize their topics of


study.
THE SCIENCE OF THINKING

• Thinking involves manipulation of information, as when we form


concepts, engage in problem solving, reason and make decisions.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBVV8pch1dM
THE SCIENCE OF THINKING: DEVELOPING
SCIENTIFIC THINKING

• Scientific thinking is a type of knowledge seeking involving


intentional information seeking, including asking questions,
testing hypotheses, making observations, recognizing patterns,
and making inferences (Kuhn, 2002; Morris et al., 2012).
THE SCIENCE OF THINKING: DEVELOPING
SCIENTIFIC THINKING
• Question what you observe
• Investigate further
• Try to refute your own idea
• Seek out more evidence
• Be open minded
• Think creatively
THE SCIENCE OF THINKING: EXAMPLE OF
SCIENTIFIC THINKING
• For example, scientific thinkers are clear as to the purpose at
hand and the question at issue. They question information,
conclusions, and points of view. They strive to be accurate,
precise, and relevant. They seek to think beneath the surface, to
be logical, and objective.
THE SCIENCE OF THINKING: CHARACTERISTIC
OF SCIENTIFIC THINKING
• Open-mindedness. Capable of accepting new and different ideas.
• Scepticism. Having an attitude of doubt.
• Honesty. Scientists report results truthfully.
• Curiosity. Leads to new scientific knowledge.
• Creativity. Involves coming up with new sources and ways to solve
problems or produce things.
THE SCIENCE OF THINKING: HOW IMPORTANCE
IS SCIENTIFIC THINKING?
• Beveridge wrote, “The most important instrument in research must
always be the mind of man.” The use of scientific thinking helps us
make sense of the world”.

• Scientific thinking skills include observing, asking questions, making


predictions, testing ideas, documenting data and communicating
thoughts.
EMERGING TRENDS IN THINKING
EMERGING TRENDS IN THINKING

Stage 1: Empathize—Research Your Users' Needs

Here, you should gain an empathetic understanding of the problem you’re


trying to solve, typically through user research. Empathy is crucial to a
human-centred design process such as design thinking because it allows you
to set aside your own assumptions about the world and gain real insight into
users and their needs.
EMERGING TRENDS IN THINKING

Stage 2: Define—State Your Users' Needs and Problems

It’s time to accumulate the information gathered during the Empathize stage. You
then analyse your observations and synthesize them to define the core problems
you and your team have identified. These definitions are called problem
statements. You can create personas to help keep your efforts human-centred
before proceeding to ideation.
EMERGING TRENDS IN THINKING

Stage 3: Ideate—Challenge Assumptions and Create Ideas

Now, you’re ready to generate ideas. The solid background of knowledge from the
first two phases means you can start to “think outside the box”, look for alternative
ways to view the problem and identify innovative solutions to the problem
statement you’ve created. Brainstorming is particularly useful here...
EMERGING TRENDS IN THINKING

Stage 4: Prototype—Start to Create Solutions

This is an experimental phase. The aim is to identify the best possible solution for
each problem found. Your team should produce some inexpensive, scaled-down
versions of the product (or specific features found within the product) to investigate
the ideas you’ve generated. This could involve simply paper prototyping.
EMERGING TRENDS IN THINKING

Stage 5: Test—Try Your Solutions Out

Evaluators rigorously test the prototypes. Although this is the final phase, design
thinking is iterative: Teams often use the results to redefine one or
more further problems. So, you can return to previous stages to make further
iterations, alterations and refinements – to find or rule out alternative solutions.
EMERGING TRENDS IN THINKING

Stage 5: Test—Try Your Solutions Out

Evaluators rigorously test the prototypes. Although this is the final phase, design
thinking is iterative: Teams often use the results to redefine one or
more further problems. So, you can return to previous stages to make further
iterations, alterations and refinements – to find or rule out alternative solutions.
END OF CHAPTER 2

THANK YOU

Intellectual Property Rights


Unless otherwise indicated, this Material is our propriety property and all source code, databases, functionality, software , website designs, audio, video, text,
photographs, and graphics on the Material are owned or controlled by Kolej UNiKOP. And are protected by copyright and various other intellectual property
rights.

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