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Series and Sequences

This document provides an overview of different types of sequences including arithmetic, geometric, Fibonacci, and harmonic sequences. It defines each type of sequence and provides examples and practice problems for determining terms and sums of sequences. Formulas are given for writing terms of arithmetic, geometric, Fibonacci and harmonic sequences based on their common differences or ratios. Practice problems are provided to apply the formulas and concepts.

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Jasken Mabini
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144 views26 pages

Series and Sequences

This document provides an overview of different types of sequences including arithmetic, geometric, Fibonacci, and harmonic sequences. It defines each type of sequence and provides examples and practice problems for determining terms and sums of sequences. Formulas are given for writing terms of arithmetic, geometric, Fibonacci and harmonic sequences based on their common differences or ratios. Practice problems are provided to apply the formulas and concepts.

Uploaded by

Jasken Mabini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pre-Calculus

Illustrating Series and


Sequences
Prepared by:
Marcelino C. Arnal
Pre- Cal Subject Teacher
Practice Activity: Review (Nov. 6, 2023) – Monday (Write your
answer in Pre Calculus Notebook)- Copy and answer. Show your
solutions if possible.
Find the sequence of next terms in the following given below.
1. 0 ,3, 6, 9, 12, , ,
2. 11, 6, 1, -4, -9, , ,
3. 200, 100, 50, , , ,
4. 18, 12,6, 0, , ,
5. , , , ,
Sequence is a function whose domain is the set of positive
integers. It also means an ordered list of numbers.
A sequence is infinite if its domain is the set of positive integers
without a last term , { 1,2,3,4,5,...}. The three dots show that the
sequence goes on and on indefinitely.
A sequence is finite if its domain is the set of positive integers
{1,2,3,4,5,...n} which has a last term, n.
A series is the sum of the terms of a sequence.
For example:
1,3,5,7,9,11, ... SEQUENCE
1+3+5+7+9+11,... SERIES
Determine the first five terms of each defined sequence, and give their associated
series.
Examples:
1.
Solutions:
First five terms : -2 , 1, 0, 1, 32
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
n=1 n=2 n=3

= = =

n= 4 n=5

= =

Associated Series: -2+1+0+1+32= 32


Determine the first five terms of each defined sequence, and give their associated
series.
Examples:
2.
Solutions:
First five terms : 1 , 0, -1, -2, -3
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
n=1 n=2 n=3

=1 =0 = -1

n=4 n=5

=-2 = -3
Associated Series: 1+ 0+(-1)+(-2)+(-3)= -5
Determine the first five terms of each defined sequence, and give their associated
series.
Examples:
3.
Solutions:
First five terms : 6 , 17 , 34, 57, 86
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
n=1 n=2 n=3

Associated Series: 6+17+34+57+86= 200


Determine the first five terms of each defined sequence, and give their associated
series.
Examples:
4.
Solutions:
First five terms : -1 , 1, -1, 1, -1
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Associated Series: -1+1+(-1)+1+(-1)= -1


Determine the first five terms of each defined sequence, and give their associated
series.
Examples:
5.
Solutions:
First five terms : 1 , 3 , 6, 10, 15
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

+2+3=6
+2+3+4= 10
+2+3+4+5=15
Associated Series: 1+3+6+10+15= 35
Activity 1 : Sequence and series (yellow paper) write your solutions.
Determine the first five terms of each defined sequence, and give their associated
series.

1. =

2. = {2n+1}

3. = {+1}

5. =
Arithmetic Sequence
An arithmetic sequence is a sequence whose term after the first
term is obtained by adding a constant number to the preceding
term. The constant number is called the common difference.
Formula: ,

Example
1. 25,23,21,19,17,.... d=-2
2. 3,7,11,15,... d= 4
3. 7,10,13,16, .... d=3
Example:
1. What is the 23rd term of an arithmetic sequence whose first
term is 7 and has common difference of 4.
Given:
Find :
Formula:

= 7 + 22(4)
Example.
2. Find the first and 15th terms of an arithmetic sequence whose
fifth term is -1 and ninth term is 11.
Given: ,
Find:
Formula:

-1
= -1 eq.1

11
eq.2
Example.
2. Find the first and 15th terms of an arithmetic sequence whose
fifth term is -1 and ninth term is 11.
Given: ,
Use system of linear equation

29

d= 3
Example.
3. Insert three arithmetic means between 5 and 21.

d=4

Therefore, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21


Example.
4. Find the sum of the first 15 terms of the arithmetic sequence {-
6,-1,4,9...}
Given:
Find:
Formula:

435
Activity 2:
Copy and answer. Show your solutions.
A. Write the first five terms of the arithmetic sequence whose
first term is and whose common difference is d.

1. 3, , , , ,
2. 5, , , , ,
3. 1/3, , , , ,
4. 1/2, , , , ,
5. 4, , , , ,
Activity 2:
B. Write the specified term of the given arithmetic sequence.
Show your solutions.

6. 10, 13,16, 19,… 30 th TERM


7. 8, -1, -10, -19, … 47th TERM
8. 1/6, 2/3, 7/6, 5/3,… 20th TERM
9. ¼, 7/12, 11/12, 5/4,… 15th TERM
10. x, 2x+y, 3x+2y,… 25th term
Activity 2:
C. Solve the following problems.
11. Find the first tem and the common difference of the
arithmetic sequence whose fifth term is 16 and 18 th term is 55.
12. Find the first term and the common difference of the
arithmetic sequence whose eighth term is -27 and 15 th term is -
55.

13. Insert four arithmetic means between 4 and 24.


14. Insert four arithmetic means between 21 and -9.
15. The third term of an arithmetic sequence is 12 and its
seventh term is 32., what is the 11th term.
Activity 2:
D. Find the indicated terms.

16.
17.
18.
19. Find the sum of the first 45 odd numbers?
20. Find the sum of the first 30 multiples of 7
Harmonic sequence
is a sequence of numbers whose terms are reciprocals of the
terms of an arithmetic sequence.

Formula:
d=
Example: Arithmetic sequence: 5, 10,15, 20

Harmonic sequence:
Example:

1. Find the 12th term of the harmonic sequence {

2. Insert two harmonic means between 6 and


Activity:
Find the term of the following harmonic sequence.
1. 1/3,1/7,1/11,... 10th term

2. 1/2,/ 1/8,1/14,... 15th term

B. Solve the following problems.


3. Insert one harmonic mean between 1/8 and 1/100.
4. Insert five harmonic means between -1 and -1/10.
5. Insert two harmonic means between 1/16 and 1/124
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
A Geometric sequence is a sequence whose term after the first
term is obtained by multiplying a constant number to the
preceding term. the constant number is called the common ratio.
Formula:
Finite geometric sequence
Infinite geometric sequence:
Example:
1. 1,2,4,8, ... r=
2. 80, 20, 5,... r=
3. 2, -8, 32, -128
Example:

1. Find the common ratio and the general rule for a term of the
geometric sequence {2,-4,8,-16,...}

2. If x+1, 6x-2, and 21x+1 form a geometric sequence, what is the


value of x?
3. The first term of a geometric sequence is 8 and the fifth term
is 1/2. Insert three geometric means between them.
4. Find the sum of the geometric sequence {-2,-6,-18,...} up to the
eighth term.
5. Find the sum of the infinite geometric sequence {1,1/2,1/4,
1/8,...}
Fibonacci SEQUENCE and Golden ratio
A fibonacci sequence is a sequence in which first few terms
are identified, and the succeding terms are obtained by adding
these first few terms that are already identified.
Recursive Formula: , where
1. 2,4,6,10,...

2. 5,12,17, 29, ....

3. -1, -3, -4, -7,...


Example:

1. Given the recursive formula for the Fibonacci sequence


a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Find the 10th term of the sequence 1,3,4,7,11,18,29,47...
3. Find the 9th term of the sequence 3,6,18,72,...
4. Find the 7th term and the sum of the 7 terms of the sequence
x+y, 2x-3y, 3x-2y,5x-5y,...

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